Raias do Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos, São Paulo: um estudo baseado na ciência cidadã
Data
2024-09-06
Autores
Ardenghi, Maria Beatriz Pires 
Orientadores
Motta, Fabio dos Santos
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
As raias desempenham um papel crucial como mesopredadores nos ecossistemas marinhos. Ao regular a população de suas presas, elas contribuem para a saúde genética da biodiversidade e para o equilíbrio dos oceanos. Além de sua importância ecológica, as raias são uma fonte de proteína e subsistência para diversas comunidades pesqueiras, e também são contempladas por mergulhadores recreativos. No entanto, devido à pesca descontrolada, destruição de habitats e poluição, várias espécies de raias se encontram ameaçadas de extinção, especialmente ao longo da costa brasileira. A falta de dados devido à interrupção da estatística pesqueira nacional e a limitada precisão na identificação taxonômica dos desembarques pesqueiros monitorados são desafios importantes para a conservação das raias no Brasil, além de dificultar a formulação de estratégias para a gestão pesqueira. Diante disso, foram investigadas a riqueza, ocorrência e abundância relativa das raias no Parque Estadual Marinho do Laje de Santos, através de um projeto de ciência cidadã envolvendo mergulhadores recreativos. Entre janeiro de 2023 e junho de 2024, foram monitoradas 236 operações de mergulho recreativo, sendo registrados 1287 exemplares de raias, pertencentes a 7 famílias e 10 espécies: Bathytoshia centroura, Dasyatis hypostigma, Hypanus berthalutzae, Hypanus guttatus (Dasyatidae), Gymnura altavela (Gymnuridae), Aetobatus narinari (Aetobatidae), Myliobatis spp. (Myliobatidae), Rhinoptera spp. (Rhinopteridae), Pseudobatos spp. (Rhinobatidae) e Mobula birostris (Mobulidae). A raia-manteiga (D. hypostigma) foi a espécie mais avistada pelos mergulhadores, representando aproximadamente 59% do total. O outono foi a estação do ano que apresentou a maior abundância de raias (805 indivíduos). Os resultados do presente estudo são inéditos e, além de destacar o potencial da ciência cidadã para o monitoramento e avanço do conhecimento sobre mesopredadores marinhos, poderão contribuir para a gestão adaptativa de uma das mais importantes áreas marinhas protegidas no sudeste do Brasil, o Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos.
Rays play a crucial role as mesopredators in marine ecosystems. By regulating the population of their prey, they contribute to the genetic health of biodiversity and the balance of the oceans. In addition to their ecological importance, rays are a source of protein and sustenance for various fishing communities and are also enjoyed by recreational divers. However, due to uncontrolled fishing, habitat destruction, and pollution, several ray species face serious threats, particularly along the Brazilian coast. The lack of data due to the interruption of national fishing statistics and the limited accuracy in the taxonomic identification of monitored landings are significant challenges for ray conservation in Brazil, in addition to complicating the formulation of strategies for fisheries management. In light of this, the richness, occurrence, and relative abundance of rays in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park were investigated through a citizen science project involving recreational divers. Between January 2023 and June 2024, 236 recreational diving operations were monitored, recording sightings of 1,287 ray specimens belonging to 7 families and 10 species: Bathytoshia centroura, Dasyatis hypostigma, Hypanus berthalutzae, Hypanus guttatus (Dasyatidae), Gymnura altavela (Gymnuridae), Aetobatus narinari (Aetobatidae), Myliobatis spp. (Myliobatidae), Rhinoptera spp. (Rhinopteridae), Pseudobatos spp. (Rhinobatidae), and Mobula birostris (Mobulidae). The bluntnose stingray (D. hypostigma) was the most frequently sighted species by divers, representing approximately 59% of the total number of sightings. Autumn was the season with the highest abundance of rays (805 individuals). The results of this study are unprecedented and, in addition to highlighting the potential of citizen science to advance knowledge about marine mesopredators, may contribute to the adaptive management of one of the most important marine areas in southeastern Brazil, the Laje de Santos Marine State Park.
Rays play a crucial role as mesopredators in marine ecosystems. By regulating the population of their prey, they contribute to the genetic health of biodiversity and the balance of the oceans. In addition to their ecological importance, rays are a source of protein and sustenance for various fishing communities and are also enjoyed by recreational divers. However, due to uncontrolled fishing, habitat destruction, and pollution, several ray species face serious threats, particularly along the Brazilian coast. The lack of data due to the interruption of national fishing statistics and the limited accuracy in the taxonomic identification of monitored landings are significant challenges for ray conservation in Brazil, in addition to complicating the formulation of strategies for fisheries management. In light of this, the richness, occurrence, and relative abundance of rays in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park were investigated through a citizen science project involving recreational divers. Between January 2023 and June 2024, 236 recreational diving operations were monitored, recording sightings of 1,287 ray specimens belonging to 7 families and 10 species: Bathytoshia centroura, Dasyatis hypostigma, Hypanus berthalutzae, Hypanus guttatus (Dasyatidae), Gymnura altavela (Gymnuridae), Aetobatus narinari (Aetobatidae), Myliobatis spp. (Myliobatidae), Rhinoptera spp. (Rhinopteridae), Pseudobatos spp. (Rhinobatidae), and Mobula birostris (Mobulidae). The bluntnose stingray (D. hypostigma) was the most frequently sighted species by divers, representing approximately 59% of the total number of sightings. Autumn was the season with the highest abundance of rays (805 individuals). The results of this study are unprecedented and, in addition to highlighting the potential of citizen science to advance knowledge about marine mesopredators, may contribute to the adaptive management of one of the most important marine areas in southeastern Brazil, the Laje de Santos Marine State Park.
Descrição
Citação
ARDENGHI, Maria Beatriz Pires. Raias do Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos, São Paulo: um estudo baseado na ciência cidadã. 2024. 35 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2024.