Avaliação de microplásticos em áreas marinhas protegidas insulares do Brasil
Arquivos
Data
2023-12-04
Autores
Leal, Clara Galacho Pimentel Emmerich Gomes 
Orientadores
Castro, Ítalo Braga de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O aumento populacional junto ao crescimento econômico, rápida urbanização e modificação
do padrão de vida das comunidades tem gerado uma crescente produção de resíduos sólidos no
mundo. Entre os resíduos produzidos pelas atividades industriais, o plástico tem gerado grandes
preocupações ambientais no contexto contemporâneo. Visando proteger a biodiversidade
marinha, costeira e de água doce e reduzir os efeitos antrópicos nos ecossistemas, convenções
internacionais tem adotado o estabelecido áreas marinhas protegidas (AMPs) como estratégia
de conservação. Apesar do arcabouço regulatório, substâncias químicas e resíduos plásticos
acabam atingindo estas AMPs, gerando ameaça à biodiversidade. Nesse sentido, microplásticos
(MPs) estão sendo detectados em várias áreas protegidas ao redor do mundo. Considerando que
a interação de MPs com organismos pode afetar seu desenvolvimento, sucesso reprodutivo e
comportamento, a exposição a esses resíduos pode colocar em risco os objetivos de conservação
de AMPs costeiras e insulares. Nesse cenário, o objetivo do presente estudo será avaliar a
concentração de MPs em moluscos bivalves oriundos de áreas de proteção integral insulares do
litoral Brasileiro. Com esse propósito, amostras de moluscos bivalves (de 20 a 30 indivíduos
adultos) pertencentes a diferentes espécies foram obtidas ao longo de amostragens realizadas
em cinco diferentes AMPs. Com base nos resultados obtidos, ficou evidente que organismos
marinhos de áreas marinhas de proteção integral insulares do Brasil estão expostos à
contaminação por microplásticos. Adicionalmente o perfil de contaminação observado,
considerando formas, tamanhos e tipos de MPs, parece ser diferente quando comparados a
estudos que avaliaram este tipo de contaminação em zonas costeiras. Ainda, os resultados
mostraram que os valores obtidos estão entre os mais elevados, encontrados em organismos de
AMPs do mundo. Portanto, estas AMPs mesmo sob a égide de restrições a atividades humanas
como pesca e turismo, foram afetadas pela contaminação de microplásticos. Nesse aspecto, é
importante salientar que estudos sistemáticos avaliando AMPs brasileiras, incluídas em
diferentes categorias de proteção, são necessários para reconhecer a magnitude dos impactos
deste contaminante de preocupação emergente, sobre nossas unidades de conservação.
The population increase, coupled with economic growth, rapid urbanization, and changes in community lifestyles, has led to a growing production of solid waste worldwide. Among the waste generated by industrial activities, plastic has raised significant environmental concerns in the contemporary context. In order to protect marine, coastal, and freshwater biodiversity and reduce anthropogenic effects on ecosystems, international conventions have adopted the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a conservation strategy. Despite the regulatory framework, chemicals and plastic waste still find their way into these MPAs, posing a threat to biodiversity. In this regard, microplastics (MPs) are being detected in various protected areas around the world. Considering that the interaction of MPs with organisms can affect their development, reproductive success, and behavior, exposure to these residues may jeopardize the conservation goals of coastal and island MPAs. In this context, the objective of the present study is to assess the concentration of MPs in bivalve mollusks from Brazilian coastal integral protection areas. For this purpose, samples of bivalve mollusks (ranging from 20 to 30 adult individuals) belonging to different species were collected during samplings conducted in five different MPAs. Based on the obtained results, it was evident that marine organisms in insular marine protected areas from Brazil are exposed to microplastics contamination. Additionally, the contamination profile observed, considering shapes, sizes and types of MPs, appears to be different when compared to studies assessing this type of contamination in coastal areas. Furthermore, the results showed that the obtained levels are among the highest found organisms from MPAs worldwide. Therefore, these MPSs, even under restrictions on human activities such as fishing and tourism, were affected by microplastic contamination. In this regard, it is important to highlight that, systematic studies evaluating Brazilian MPAs, included in different protection categories, are necessary to recognize the magnitude of impacts related to these contaminants of emerging concern on our conservation units.
The population increase, coupled with economic growth, rapid urbanization, and changes in community lifestyles, has led to a growing production of solid waste worldwide. Among the waste generated by industrial activities, plastic has raised significant environmental concerns in the contemporary context. In order to protect marine, coastal, and freshwater biodiversity and reduce anthropogenic effects on ecosystems, international conventions have adopted the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a conservation strategy. Despite the regulatory framework, chemicals and plastic waste still find their way into these MPAs, posing a threat to biodiversity. In this regard, microplastics (MPs) are being detected in various protected areas around the world. Considering that the interaction of MPs with organisms can affect their development, reproductive success, and behavior, exposure to these residues may jeopardize the conservation goals of coastal and island MPAs. In this context, the objective of the present study is to assess the concentration of MPs in bivalve mollusks from Brazilian coastal integral protection areas. For this purpose, samples of bivalve mollusks (ranging from 20 to 30 adult individuals) belonging to different species were collected during samplings conducted in five different MPAs. Based on the obtained results, it was evident that marine organisms in insular marine protected areas from Brazil are exposed to microplastics contamination. Additionally, the contamination profile observed, considering shapes, sizes and types of MPs, appears to be different when compared to studies assessing this type of contamination in coastal areas. Furthermore, the results showed that the obtained levels are among the highest found organisms from MPAs worldwide. Therefore, these MPSs, even under restrictions on human activities such as fishing and tourism, were affected by microplastic contamination. In this regard, it is important to highlight that, systematic studies evaluating Brazilian MPAs, included in different protection categories, are necessary to recognize the magnitude of impacts related to these contaminants of emerging concern on our conservation units.
Descrição
Citação
LEAL, Clara Galacho Pimentel Emmerich Gomes. Avaliação de microplásticos em áreas marinhas protegidas insulares do Brasil. 2023. 32 f.
Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2023.