Avaliação do transporte e destino de hidrocarbonetos na área de influência da Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz
Data
2022-02-10
Autores
Fernandes, Ricardo do Carmo Herrero 
Orientadores
Freitas, Juliana Gardenalli de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Com a intensificação das atividades humanas desde o início do século XX, os ecossistemas naturais do continente Antártico vêm sendo continuamente impactados e degradados. Com o objetivo de regulamentar e gerir as atividades empreendidas pelas nações no continente, criou-se o Sistema de Tratados da Antártica, visando a preservação dos habitats e a responsabilização dos países em criar estratégias para a mitigação dos impactos gerados nas atividades empreendidas nas Estações. A Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz (EACF), sede institucional e científico-tecnológica do Brasil na Antártida, teve 70% de sua infraestrutura consumida pelo fogo durante um incêndio acidental ocorrido em fevereiro 2012, acabando por liberar na atmosfera e no solo grandes massas de hidrocarbonetos. O Brasil, sendo responsável pela gestão área, deve-se responsabilizar legalmente pela contaminação, realizando um Plano de Gerenciamento para a Área Contaminada. O objetivo geral deste Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso é a elaboração de um Modelo Conceitual representando o problema ambiental e auxiliando no gerenciamento da área, permitindo a visualização, em síntese, das interações dos contaminantes de interesse levando-se em conta os processos de partição, migração, transformação em outros compostos e tempo de residência na matriz. Tais informações foram obtidas por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos a respeito da área de estudo e dos contaminantes orgânicos de interesse e de seus comportamentos no solo Antártico. A hidrogeologia foi caracterizada baseada em medidas feitas em campo de topografia, corpos d’água e cargas hidráulicas. Além disso, amostras de solo foram usadas para caracterização física do meio (porosidade, densidade e condutividade hidráulica) e morfológica (cor, textura, plasticidade e pegajosidade). Com a obtenção dos resultados das análises físicas juntamente com as informações levantadas na revisão bibliográfica, foi possível integrar tais dados para o desenvolvimento do Modelo Conceitual para a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos ocorrida na EACF. Ao final da construção do Modelo, concluiu-se que a Área de Influência da Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz apresenta potencial contaminação por Hidrocarbonetos de Petróleo em águas subterrâneas, solo e águas superficiais, o que pode trazer riscos aos trabalhadores da Estação a partir ingestão de água contaminada e inalação de vapores bem como ameaçar a biota nativa, sobretudo aos grupos mais sensíveis: aves migratórias e mamíferos marinhos.
With the intensification of human activities since the beginning of the 20th century, the natural ecosystems of the Antarctic continent have been continuously impacted and degraded. With the objective of regulating and managing the activities undertaken by nations on the continent, the Antarctic Treaty System was created, aiming at the preservation of habitats and the responsibility of countries to create strategies to mitigate the impacts generated by the activities undertaken in the stations. The Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (EACF), Brazil's institutional and scientific-technological headquarters in Antarctica, had 70% of its infrastructure consumed by fire during an accidental fire that occurred in February 2012, eventually releasing into the atmosphere and soil large masses of hydrocarbons. Brazil, being responsible for the management of the area, must take legal responsibility for the contamination, carrying out a Management Plan for the Contaminated Area. The general objective of this End-of-Course Work is the elaboration of a Conceptual Model representing the environmental problem and helping in the management of the area, allowing the visualization, in synthesis, of the contaminants interactions of interest taking into account the processes of partition, migration, transformation into other compounds and residence time in the matrix. This information was obtained through bibliographic research about the study area, the organic contaminants of interest and their behavior in the Antarctic soil. The hydrogeology was characterized based on field measurements of topography, water bodies, and hydraulic loads. In addition, soil samples were used for physical characterization of the medium (porosity, density, and hydraulic conductivity) and morphological characterization (color, texture, plasticity, and stickiness). By obtaining the results of the physical analyses along with the information gathered from the literature review, it was possible to integrate such data for the development of the Conceptual Model for the hydrocarbon contamination that occurred in the EACF. At the end of the Model construction, it was concluded that the Area of Influence of the Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz presents potential contamination by Hydrocarbon Oil in groundwater, soil and surface water, which can bring risks to the Station workers from ingestion of contaminated water and inhalation of vapors as well as threaten the native biota, especially the most sensitive groups: migratory birds and marine mammals.
With the intensification of human activities since the beginning of the 20th century, the natural ecosystems of the Antarctic continent have been continuously impacted and degraded. With the objective of regulating and managing the activities undertaken by nations on the continent, the Antarctic Treaty System was created, aiming at the preservation of habitats and the responsibility of countries to create strategies to mitigate the impacts generated by the activities undertaken in the stations. The Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (EACF), Brazil's institutional and scientific-technological headquarters in Antarctica, had 70% of its infrastructure consumed by fire during an accidental fire that occurred in February 2012, eventually releasing into the atmosphere and soil large masses of hydrocarbons. Brazil, being responsible for the management of the area, must take legal responsibility for the contamination, carrying out a Management Plan for the Contaminated Area. The general objective of this End-of-Course Work is the elaboration of a Conceptual Model representing the environmental problem and helping in the management of the area, allowing the visualization, in synthesis, of the contaminants interactions of interest taking into account the processes of partition, migration, transformation into other compounds and residence time in the matrix. This information was obtained through bibliographic research about the study area, the organic contaminants of interest and their behavior in the Antarctic soil. The hydrogeology was characterized based on field measurements of topography, water bodies, and hydraulic loads. In addition, soil samples were used for physical characterization of the medium (porosity, density, and hydraulic conductivity) and morphological characterization (color, texture, plasticity, and stickiness). By obtaining the results of the physical analyses along with the information gathered from the literature review, it was possible to integrate such data for the development of the Conceptual Model for the hydrocarbon contamination that occurred in the EACF. At the end of the Model construction, it was concluded that the Area of Influence of the Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz presents potential contamination by Hydrocarbon Oil in groundwater, soil and surface water, which can bring risks to the Station workers from ingestion of contaminated water and inhalation of vapors as well as threaten the native biota, especially the most sensitive groups: migratory birds and marine mammals.