Acidentes ocupacionais com materiais perfurocortantes com exposicao biologica em hospitais da cidade de Montes Claros - MG
Arquivos
Data
2011
Autores
Ruas, Edna de Freitas Gomes 
Orientadores
Bettencourt, Ana Rita de Cássia
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: Os profissionais atuantes na area da Saúde, em especial no ambiente hospitalar, mostram-se expostos a diversas situacoes passiveis de envolvimento em acidentes ocupacionais. A equipe de enfermagem e a mais vulneravel, visto que realiza um grande numero de procedimentos com os pacientes, consequentemente tem um maior contato com os fluidos corporeos dos mesmos e, portanto, maior risco de acidentes com exposicao a material biologico e risco de adquirirem doencas, dentre elas, a Sindrome da ImunodefiCiência Adquirida, hepatite B e C. Assim, diante da importancia que esses acidentes podem desencadear ao individuo exposto, ficamos motivados para conhecer as circunstancias e fatores relacionados, que levam a equipe de enfermagem a sofrer esse tipo de acidente. Objetivos: descrever e caracterizar os acidentes ocupacionais com material perfurocortante e exposicao biologica ocorridos com os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Metodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em dois hospitais da cidade de Montes Claros - MG nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Foram incluidos no estudo os profissionais de enfermagem que se acidentaram com materiais perfurocortantes com exposicao biologica. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir das informacoes discriminadas nas Comunicacoes de Acidentes de Trabalho e nas fichas de notificacao de acidentes biologicos ocupacionais do Servico de Controle de Infeccao Hospitalar dos hospitais em estudo. Resultados: 95 profissionais de enfermagem se acidentaram com materiais perfurocortantes envolvendo material biologico. Predominou o sexo feminino (69,5%) e a categoria profissional de auxiliares de enfermagem com 88,4%. As enfermarias foram os locais onde se registraram mais acidentes (52,6%), com predominio no plantao diurno (77%). O principal agente causador, foram as agulhas com lumen (87,4%), a situacao que mais provocou acidente foi durante o descarte dos objetos (56,8%) e a parte do corpo mais atingida foram as maos com 93%. 64,2% dos profissionais haviam recebido imunizacao contra hepatite B. Em 10,5% das ocorrencias foram necessarios acompanhamentos para soroconversao para HIV, e hepatite C. 55,8% dos profissionais apresentavam imunidade contra a hepatite B (anti-HBs positivo), no entanto, 90,5% tinham resultado negativo para HBsAg e para HIV, somente 1,0% dos profissionais apresentou resultado positivo para hepatite C pos-acidente. Conclusao: Nota-se que os acidentes de trabalho sao uma realidade muito presente no dia a dia dos trabalhadores da area da Saúde. No contexto dos acidentes, os com material perfurocortante obteve um indice mais expressivo e as agulhas com lumen foram os maiores viloes dessa historia, o que nos leva a inferir que a politica de seguranca no trabalho, com o uso de dispositivos seguros, ainda e uma pratica distante nas instituicoes estudadas. O profissional do sexo feminino e os auxiliares de enfermagem continuam se acidentando mais. Conhecer a epidemiologia destes acidentes e fundamental para direcionar acoes preventivas nas instituicoes de Saúde, tais como, educacao permanente sobre biosseguranca visando diminuir os indices de acidente do trabalho e do consequente risco de contaminacao. Ressalta-se a importancia da notificacao dos acidentes e a uniformidade das condutas, principalmente na coleta e descricao das informacoes sobre o acidente
Introduction: Professionals working in health care, especially in hospitals, demonstrate that they are exposed to various situations that might involve occupational accidents. The nursery team is the most vulnerable because these professionals practice a big number of procedures in direct contact with the patients, and consequently they have more contact with the corporal fluids of the patients. Thus, they are more likely to experience accidents related to exposure to biological material that causes diseases, such as AIDS, hepatitis B and C. Therefore, considering the importance of what these accidents could trigger in the exposed individual, we defend the idea that the worker should know the reasons, circumstances and related factors that lead the professionals in the area of health, especially the nursing staff, to suffer this kind of accident. Objectives: To describe and characterize the occupational accidents with sharps tools and biological exposure that occurred with the nurses. Methods: A descriptive study, with quantitative approach and retrospective character, which was conducted in two hospitals in the city of Montes Claros - MG in the years 2006 and 2007. The study included nursing professionals who had accidents with sharps tools and biological exposure. The data was collected from the information set forth in the Communications Work Accidents and the accident notification forms of biological occupational accidents in the Department of Infection Control from the hospitals studied. Results: Results showed that there were 95 nurses who had accidents with sharp tools involving biological material. In this population, the female sex predominated (69,5%). The professional category that had the most accidents was nursing assistants with 88,4%. The wards were the places where most accidents were recorded (52,6%), predominantly during the daytime shift (77%). There were predominantly needles with light (87,4%). The situation that provoked the most accidents was during the disposal of objects (56,8%). In relation to the body parts injured, hands were, at 93%, the most affected. 64,2% of professionals had received immunization against hepatitis B. In 10% of cases were necessary accompaniments to soroconversion for HIV, and hepatitis C. 55,8% of professionals had immunity against hepatitis B (anti-HBs positive), however 90% were negative for HBsAg. 90% of staff have tested negative for HIV, only 1.0% of the respondents had a positive result for hepatitis C post-accident.Conclusion: This research shows that working accidents is a present reality in the every day life of workers of the health field, The accidents involving sharp tools had the highest rate, and needles with lumen can me considered the biggest villains in this story. These data leads to the conclusion that the security policy in the workplace to enhance the use of safe procedures is still a distant practice in the institutions that were studied. The female professionals and the nursing assistants continue to be involved in more accidents. In order to know the epidemiology of these accidents is essential to implement preventive actions in the health care institutions, such as continuing education about biosafety to decrease the rates of work accidents among health professionals and also to decrease the risk of contamination. It standed out the importance of accidents notification and the uniformity of the conducts, especially in the collection and description of information about the accidents
Introduction: Professionals working in health care, especially in hospitals, demonstrate that they are exposed to various situations that might involve occupational accidents. The nursery team is the most vulnerable because these professionals practice a big number of procedures in direct contact with the patients, and consequently they have more contact with the corporal fluids of the patients. Thus, they are more likely to experience accidents related to exposure to biological material that causes diseases, such as AIDS, hepatitis B and C. Therefore, considering the importance of what these accidents could trigger in the exposed individual, we defend the idea that the worker should know the reasons, circumstances and related factors that lead the professionals in the area of health, especially the nursing staff, to suffer this kind of accident. Objectives: To describe and characterize the occupational accidents with sharps tools and biological exposure that occurred with the nurses. Methods: A descriptive study, with quantitative approach and retrospective character, which was conducted in two hospitals in the city of Montes Claros - MG in the years 2006 and 2007. The study included nursing professionals who had accidents with sharps tools and biological exposure. The data was collected from the information set forth in the Communications Work Accidents and the accident notification forms of biological occupational accidents in the Department of Infection Control from the hospitals studied. Results: Results showed that there were 95 nurses who had accidents with sharp tools involving biological material. In this population, the female sex predominated (69,5%). The professional category that had the most accidents was nursing assistants with 88,4%. The wards were the places where most accidents were recorded (52,6%), predominantly during the daytime shift (77%). There were predominantly needles with light (87,4%). The situation that provoked the most accidents was during the disposal of objects (56,8%). In relation to the body parts injured, hands were, at 93%, the most affected. 64,2% of professionals had received immunization against hepatitis B. In 10% of cases were necessary accompaniments to soroconversion for HIV, and hepatitis C. 55,8% of professionals had immunity against hepatitis B (anti-HBs positive), however 90% were negative for HBsAg. 90% of staff have tested negative for HIV, only 1.0% of the respondents had a positive result for hepatitis C post-accident.Conclusion: This research shows that working accidents is a present reality in the every day life of workers of the health field, The accidents involving sharp tools had the highest rate, and needles with lumen can me considered the biggest villains in this story. These data leads to the conclusion that the security policy in the workplace to enhance the use of safe procedures is still a distant practice in the institutions that were studied. The female professionals and the nursing assistants continue to be involved in more accidents. In order to know the epidemiology of these accidents is essential to implement preventive actions in the health care institutions, such as continuing education about biosafety to decrease the rates of work accidents among health professionals and also to decrease the risk of contamination. It standed out the importance of accidents notification and the uniformity of the conducts, especially in the collection and description of information about the accidents
Descrição
Citação
RUAS, Edna de Freitas Gomes. Acidentes ocupacionais com materiais perfurocortantes com exposição biológica em hospitais da cidade de Montes Claros – MG. 2011. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011.