Matéria escura: uma componente exótica no universo
Data
2022-11-26
Autores
Onisaki, Hadassa Harumi Castelo 
Orientadores
Senise Júnior, Carlos Roberto
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Pesquisas sobre a existência de Matéria Escura são uma das pautas que desafiam pesquisadores em Cosmologia há décadas. Um dos primeiros indícios de sua existência foram percebidos em um artigo publicado por Fritz Zwicky em 1933, que ao estudar a massa do aglomerado Coma, apresentou dados que questionaram o entendimento científico até então compreendidos sobre o universo. Zwicky percebeu que ao inferir a massa do aglomerado a partir da velocidade das galáxias, existia uma incompatibilidade entre a massa obtida a partir de efeitos gravitacionais e aquela que era previsível pela luminosidade do sistema. Os dados apontaram, conforme lei newtoniana, uma maior massa no sistema, o que poderia indicar a existência de um tipo de matéria não-bariônica, ou seja, matéria faltante. O presente Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresenta uma contribuição com um panorama de pesquisas que tratam sobre hipóteses e diferentes metodologias utilizadas para detecção da Matéria Escura. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como uma Revisão da Literatura do tipo Sistemática. Nosso intuito é investigar quais as principais definições tratadas pelos pesquisadores, quais as principais hipóteses e linhas de pesquisa que sustentam a existência dessa suposta componente exótica no universo.
Research on the existence of Dark Matter is one of the guidelines that have challenged researchers in Cosmology for decades. One of the first indications of its existence was noticed in an article published by Fritz Zwicky in 1933, who, when studying the mass of the Coma cluster, presented data that questioned the scientific understanding until then understood about the universe. Zwicky realized that when inferring the mass of the cluster from the speed of the galaxies, there was a mismatch between the mass obtained from gravitational effects and that which was predictable by the luminosity of the system. The data showed, according to Newtonian law, a greater mass in the system, which could indicate the existence of a type of non-baryonic matter, that is, missing matter. This Course Conclusion Paper presents a contribution with an overview of research dealing with hypotheses and different methodologies used to detect Dark Matter. For this, we carried out a qualitative research, characterized as a Systematic Literature Review. Our aim is to investigate which are the main definitions treated by the researchers, which are the main hypotheses and lines of research that support the existence of this supposed exotic component in the universe.
Research on the existence of Dark Matter is one of the guidelines that have challenged researchers in Cosmology for decades. One of the first indications of its existence was noticed in an article published by Fritz Zwicky in 1933, who, when studying the mass of the Coma cluster, presented data that questioned the scientific understanding until then understood about the universe. Zwicky realized that when inferring the mass of the cluster from the speed of the galaxies, there was a mismatch between the mass obtained from gravitational effects and that which was predictable by the luminosity of the system. The data showed, according to Newtonian law, a greater mass in the system, which could indicate the existence of a type of non-baryonic matter, that is, missing matter. This Course Conclusion Paper presents a contribution with an overview of research dealing with hypotheses and different methodologies used to detect Dark Matter. For this, we carried out a qualitative research, characterized as a Systematic Literature Review. Our aim is to investigate which are the main definitions treated by the researchers, which are the main hypotheses and lines of research that support the existence of this supposed exotic component in the universe.