Panorama da regulação ambiental aplicada aos microplásticos
Data
2023-12-07
Autores
Poli, Giuliano Vieira de Oliveira Spada 
Orientadores
Semensatto Junior, Décio Luis
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O aumento da produção de plástico tem se tornado um grande problema nas últimas décadas. O grande número de pesquisas sobre o tema indica que se trata de um problema global. Os microplásticos (MPs, partículas plásticas entre 0,001 e 5 mm) são atualmente poluentes emergentes que estão distribuídos em todos os continentes do mundo, incluindo locais remotos. Presentes no ar, ecossistemas terrestres, aquáticos, alimentos e bebidas, os MPs podem causar riscos à biodiversidade de organismos aquáticos e até mesmo aos seres humanos. Diante desse problema, agências de regulação ambiental de diversos países buscam desenvolver instrumentos para monitorar e controlar níveis de concentração de MPs em matrizes ambientais. Assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo revisar e sintetizar as regulações sobre MPs já existentes no mundo, com base em critérios pré-estabelecidos, na literatura científica já produzida e legal aplicável, buscando indicar lacunas e pontos positivos que possam ser utilizados no aprimoramento das políticas públicas ambientais brasileiras sobre o tema. O projeto foi executado na forma de revisão bibliográfica. A coleta de dados abrangeu levantamento de produções científicas em bases de dados (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct e Scielo) e nos sites das autoridades ambientais (ministérios, secretarias, agências etc.) dos países elencados. Após a coleta, encontrou-se diversas políticas públicas ambientais que já estão sendo aplicadas no monitoramento e controle de MPs no mundo, com imposições imediatas e futuras dentro do seu escopo. As políticas encontradas variam no que elas regulam, de forma que a minoria dos países possui medidas específicas e direcionadas para os MPs primários. A maioria deles foca em combater o plástico, o que todavia combate os MPs indiretamente, no caso dos secundários, e em implementar economia circular, que possui o mesmo efeito contributório. Comparando os resultados obtidos e a variedade de meios de implementar as medidas das leis dos diferentes países com a situação política brasileira no que diz respeito aos MPs, fica evidente que as medidas e seus instrumentos regulatórios podem ser implementados no Brasil, seja em regulações e planos já existentes, seja em novas e futuras legislações.
The increase in plastic production has become a major problem in recent decades. The extensive research on the subject indicates that it is a global issue. Microplastics (MPs, plastic particles between 0.001 and 5 mm) are currently emerging pollutants that are distributed across all continents, including remote locations. Present in the air, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as in food and beverages, MPs can pose risks to the biodiversity of aquatic organisms and even to humans. Faced with this problem, environmental regulatory agencies in various countries seek to develop tools to monitor and control the concentration levels of MPs in environmental matrices. Therefore, this work aims to review and synthesize existing regulations on MPs worldwide, based on pre-established criteria, in the scientific literature and applicable law, seeking to identify gaps and positive points that can be used to improve Brazilian environmental public policies on the subject. The project will be carried out in the form of a literature review. Data collection will encompass a survey of scientific productions in databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scielo) and on the websites of environmental authorities (ministries, secretariats, agencies, etc) of the listed countries. After the collection, several environmental public policies were found that are already being implemented in monitoring and controlling MPs worldwide, with immediate and future impositions within their scope. The policies found vary in what they regulate, with only a minority of countries having specific and targeted measures for primary MPs. Most of them focus on combating plastic, which indirectly combats secondary MPs, and on implementing a circular economy, which has the same contributory effect. Comparing the results obtained and the variety of means to implement the measures of the laws of different countries with the Brazilian political situation regarding MPs, it is evident that the measures and their regulatory instruments can be implemented in Brazil, either in existing regulations and plans, or in new and future legislation.
The increase in plastic production has become a major problem in recent decades. The extensive research on the subject indicates that it is a global issue. Microplastics (MPs, plastic particles between 0.001 and 5 mm) are currently emerging pollutants that are distributed across all continents, including remote locations. Present in the air, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as in food and beverages, MPs can pose risks to the biodiversity of aquatic organisms and even to humans. Faced with this problem, environmental regulatory agencies in various countries seek to develop tools to monitor and control the concentration levels of MPs in environmental matrices. Therefore, this work aims to review and synthesize existing regulations on MPs worldwide, based on pre-established criteria, in the scientific literature and applicable law, seeking to identify gaps and positive points that can be used to improve Brazilian environmental public policies on the subject. The project will be carried out in the form of a literature review. Data collection will encompass a survey of scientific productions in databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scielo) and on the websites of environmental authorities (ministries, secretariats, agencies, etc) of the listed countries. After the collection, several environmental public policies were found that are already being implemented in monitoring and controlling MPs worldwide, with immediate and future impositions within their scope. The policies found vary in what they regulate, with only a minority of countries having specific and targeted measures for primary MPs. Most of them focus on combating plastic, which indirectly combats secondary MPs, and on implementing a circular economy, which has the same contributory effect. Comparing the results obtained and the variety of means to implement the measures of the laws of different countries with the Brazilian political situation regarding MPs, it is evident that the measures and their regulatory instruments can be implemented in Brazil, either in existing regulations and plans, or in new and future legislation.
Descrição
Citação
POLI, Giuliano Vieira de Oliveira Spada. Panorama da regulação ambiental aplicada aos microplásticos. 2023. 59 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2023.