O que sabemos sobre poluição por partículas de plástico nos ecossistemas aquáticos brasileiros?
Data
2022-01-28
Autores
Ferreira, Letícia Carneiro 
Orientadores
Azevedo, Juliana de Souza
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Em virtude do crescente uso e descarte inadequado do plástico pelo homem, ambientes aquáticos tornam-se receptáculos de poluentes emergentes como o plástico, ficando disponível para a biota aquática. Poucos estudos existem acerca da identificação e categorização de partículas de plásticos nos ecossistemas aquáticos brasileiros e seus impactos e efeitos na biota, como os peixes. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou reunir dados secundários, a partir de uma revisão da literatura associada a uma análise cienciométrica, a fim traçar um panorama e identificar lacunas de informações neste campo de pesquisa no cenário nacional. Para este fim, foram consultados artigos científicos e proceeding papers publicados nos últimos 21 anos e indexados na base Web of Science (WoS) sobre o tema poluição por plástico nos ecossistemas aquáticos brasileiros. Dos 325 artigos científicos resultantes da pesquisa no WoS, um total de 185 se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão propostos (ex: possuir dado empírico, ter sido realizado no Brasil e versar sobre poluição por plásticos) e a partir de sua análise foi verificado que, no geral, a quantidade de estudos cresce ao longo dos anos, com poucas exceções, e esse número crescente de publicações é acompanhado pelo fomento financeiro declarado; as regiões Sudeste e Nordeste são as regiões que mais publicam sobre o tema, sendo São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Pernambuco os principais estados; o principal foco dos estudos é a detecção de partículas de plástico principalmente na biota (51%) e sedimento (34%) e o ecossistema mais frequente é o marinho (89%); entre os táxons, a maioria dos estudos se concentra na detecção de plásticos em peixes (75%), sendo as espécies mais avaliadas: Opisthonema oglinum, Coryphaena hippurus, Sciades herzbergii, Anisotremus virginicus, Trichiurus lepturus e Danio rerio. Somente 18% dos trabalhos com peixes levam em consideração seus dados bio-ecológicos e apenas 17% dos artigos realizou a caracterização química das partículas. Entretanto 92% dos trabalhos levou em consideração a forma da partícula de plástico. Por fim, no contexto cienciométrico, a proporção entre autores homens e mulheres é consideravelmente equilibrada, sendo 52% homens e 48% mulheres. Essa proporção em relação à primeira autoria se mantém similar, no entanto considerando a última autoria, ocorre um desequilíbrio, no qual os homens representam 60% e mulheres 40%.
Due to the increasing use and inadequate disposal of plastic by humans, aquatic environments become receptacles for emerging pollutants such as plastic, becoming available to aquatic biota. Few studies exist on the identification and categorization of plastic particles in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems and their impacts and effects on biota, such as fish. This study aimed to gather secondary data, from a literature review associated with a scientometric analysis, in order to outline and identify information gaps in this field of research on the national scene. For this purpose, scientific manuscripts and proceeding papers published in the last 21 years and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database, using the topic “plastic pollution” AND “Brazilian aquatic ecosystems” were consulted. Of the 325 manuscripts resulting from the search in the WoS database, a total of 185 met the proposed inclusion criteria (ei: to have empirical data, to have been carried out in Brazil and to deal with plastic pollution) and from their analysis it was found that, in general, the number of studies increase over the years, with few exceptions, and this increasing number of publications is accompanied by declared financial support; the Southeast and Northeast regions are the regions that most publish on the topic, with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco being the main states; the main focus of the studies is the detection of plastic particles mainly in biota (51%) and sediment (34%) and the most frequent ecosystem is the marine (89%); Concerning the taxa, the majority is about plastic detection on fishes (75%), with the most evaluated species being: Opisthonema oglinum, Coryphaena hippurus, Sciades herzbergii, Anisotremus virginicus, Trichiurus lepturus and Danio rerio. Only 18% of the papers that study fish take into account their bio-ecological data and only 17% of the manuscripts carried out the chemical characterization of the particles. However, 92% of the papers took into account the shape of the plastic particle. Finally, in the scientometric context, the proportion between female and male authors is considerably balanced, with 52% men and 48% women. The proportions in relation to the first authorship remains similar, however considering the last authorship, there is an imbalance, in which men represent 60% and women 40%.
Due to the increasing use and inadequate disposal of plastic by humans, aquatic environments become receptacles for emerging pollutants such as plastic, becoming available to aquatic biota. Few studies exist on the identification and categorization of plastic particles in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems and their impacts and effects on biota, such as fish. This study aimed to gather secondary data, from a literature review associated with a scientometric analysis, in order to outline and identify information gaps in this field of research on the national scene. For this purpose, scientific manuscripts and proceeding papers published in the last 21 years and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database, using the topic “plastic pollution” AND “Brazilian aquatic ecosystems” were consulted. Of the 325 manuscripts resulting from the search in the WoS database, a total of 185 met the proposed inclusion criteria (ei: to have empirical data, to have been carried out in Brazil and to deal with plastic pollution) and from their analysis it was found that, in general, the number of studies increase over the years, with few exceptions, and this increasing number of publications is accompanied by declared financial support; the Southeast and Northeast regions are the regions that most publish on the topic, with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco being the main states; the main focus of the studies is the detection of plastic particles mainly in biota (51%) and sediment (34%) and the most frequent ecosystem is the marine (89%); Concerning the taxa, the majority is about plastic detection on fishes (75%), with the most evaluated species being: Opisthonema oglinum, Coryphaena hippurus, Sciades herzbergii, Anisotremus virginicus, Trichiurus lepturus and Danio rerio. Only 18% of the papers that study fish take into account their bio-ecological data and only 17% of the manuscripts carried out the chemical characterization of the particles. However, 92% of the papers took into account the shape of the plastic particle. Finally, in the scientometric context, the proportion between female and male authors is considerably balanced, with 52% men and 48% women. The proportions in relation to the first authorship remains similar, however considering the last authorship, there is an imbalance, in which men represent 60% and women 40%.