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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação das Normativas Brasileira, Norte-Americana e Holandesa sobre Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-01-16) Santos, Geovanni Beltran dos [UNIFESP]; Penteado, Eduardo Dellosso [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2585863255642834; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3979310210077085; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Neste estudo buscou analisar as legislações ambientais brasileiras frente as de países desenvolvidos, como Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e a Holanda, relativo ao tema Áreas Contaminadas que são áreas com aporte de contaminantes em concentrações relevantes a ponto de resultar em efeitos danosos ao meio ambiente, a saúde humana ou a outros bens a proteger. Neste cenário, a legislação ambiental brasileira e, mais especificamente a legislação paulista, foram objeto de análise comparativa com legislações estrangeiras. No âmbito estadual, a Companhia Ambiental de São Paulo (CETESB) é a responsável por gerenciar, fiscalizar e legislar sobre as temáticas ambientais, e o tema de Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas (GAC) é uma de suas responsabilidades, tendo como principal norma reguladora a Decisão de Diretoria n° 038/2017/C no qual normaliza sobre o Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas (GAC) fixando procedimentos, obrigações e metodologias que os estudos ambientais devem se orientar, e com base nesta responsabilidade, a CETESB define por meio de normativas os Valores Orientadores de Referência e suas metodologias, avaliando as similaridades e diferenças entre as legislações Brasileira, Paulista, Americana e Holandesa, com enfoque nos Valores de Intervenção. Com isto, foram selecionados os contaminantes, avaliando os valores definidos com as normativas a nível nacional (federal, estadual paulista) bem como normativas estrangeiras, observando essas nuances legais aplicadas no estudo de caso dos Cemitérios Públicos no Munícipio de Guarujá, avaliando um estudos nos moldes da normativa da CETESB e comparando com metodologias de referência, possibilitando assim, uma visão crítica da legislação ambiental brasileira no que tange o GAC.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Combinação de percarbonato e persulfato de sódio para remediação por oxidação quimica em solos brasileiros(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Nishikawa, Gustavo [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Juliana Gardenalli de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloThe management of contaminated areas and the search for alternatives for the remediation of these areas brought about a constant evolution in techniques. One of the techniques developed is the use of oxidizing chemicals, in processes called In Situ Chemical Oxidation. Different types of oxidants have been applied, such as permanganates, peroxides, and persulfate, among others. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of sodium percarbonate (PCS) as an oxidizer, considering its impacts on the soil and the potential of its application in combination with sodium persulfate (PS). The chemical properties of three soils: Red Oxisols, Red Yellow Oxisols and Quartzipsamments were evaluated before and after contact with the oxidants PCS and H2O2 at 14 g L-1 and 50 g L-1, to evaluate the effects of oxidants on these soils. Given the characteristics of each oxidant, different effects were observed in the water and soil matrices such as alkaline conditions for the tests with PCS, variations in the concentrations of DO, variations in the concentrations of micro and macronutrients. The evaluation of the interaction of the PCS with the PS in the presence of soil was carried out through batch tests with the variation of the proportions between the oxidants, in which the physical-chemical properties of the solutions were evaluated over time. Another process evaluated was the efficiency of oxidants for anthracene degradation, either alone or in combination, also from batch tests. The results indicated a better efficiency of the PCS in the removal of anthracene mass, compared to the PS and the combined use of these two oxidants. The tests with the combination of these two oxidants showed, in the studies of the physical-chemical parameters, the observation of changes in the values of Eh, pH, OD, where alkaline conditions were probably explained due to the presence of the carbonate ion, OD values higher than those observed in individual processes in relation to the isolated use of PS and lower Eh values also in relation to isolated use compared to PS. Due to these observed physical and chemical changes, it is estimated that the combined use of oxidants can also, based on the characteristics imputed by the PCS (pH, OD and H2O2), promote the activation of the PS, generating a possible improvement of the oxidative process. Thus, the combination of oxidants can have potential use, but it is a complex process, especially when in the presence of soil. Thus, further studies are needed to elucidate the best conditions for remediation.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA visão dos envolvidos para uma comunicação de risco eficiente: investigação metodológica(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-08-28) Oliveira, Uilians Vieira De [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Juliana Gardenalli de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloRisk communication is an important step in contaminated sites management. Federal Resolution Conama No. 420/2009 guides the management of contaminated sites and defines risk communication as one of the principles for contaminated sites management. After ten years of this resolution, the management of contaminated sites and risk communication in Brazil are still deficient. This study aimed to identify the main parameters for an efficient risk communication, from the stakeholders perspective, such as representatives of institutions that performed risk communication, environmental agencies, consultancies and those affected by risks. Three different methods were used: documentary research, case study and application of the Q-technique. A documentary survey analyzed nine legislations from five states and a Conama Resolution No. 420/2009. The case study analyzed the risk communication performed at an institution in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The Q-technique is a methodology capable of identifying the point of view of people and their subjectivities, based on the classification of statements according to the degree of agreement. The documentary analysis revealed that risk communication is rarely addressed in national legislation and that there are divergences between laws. The case study demonstrated strategies for risk communication in a specific site. With the Q-technique, five points of view of the research subjects were identified. Factor 1 is related to the importance of trust and transparence in the risk communication process. Factor 2 shows concern about not generating panic and minimizing rumors. Factor 3 rejected the risk communication through printed material and the analysis of the satisfaction of those involved. For Factor 4, it is important to establish partnerships among stakeholders. Factor 5 considers important aspects related to health. Other important consensual aspects such as the need to adequate the language to different audiences and the irrelevance of clarifying what is acceptable risk. In an efficient risk communication, there is appreciation and care for the health of those involved; there is no communication using social networks.