Navegando por Palavras-chave "Encephalitis"

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    Encephalitis and myelitis in tropical countries: Report from the Task Force on Tropical Diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2017) Silva, Gisele Sampaio [UNIFESP]; Richards, Guy A.; Baker, Tim; Amin, Pravin R.
    Tropical diseases are those that occur primarily or solely in the tropics, and as such include infectious diseases that are particularly prevalent in hot, humid conditions. The incidence of encephalitis in tropical countries is reported to be as high as 6.34/100,000/year. The term encephalitis implies inflammation of the brain and includes the presence of encephalopathy with two and more of the following features: fever, seizures and/or focal neurological findings; a cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis; electroencephalographic findings or abnormal neuroimaging suggestive of encephalitis. Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammation of the spinal cord which has a wide variety of clinical presentations depending on the degree (severity of myelin and neuronal injury) and site of spinal cord involvement. In the present article we discuss the various forms of tropical, viral encephalitides and myelitis and the diagnosis and management. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Neurogênese, astrocitose e perda celular no hipocampo de pacientes com encefalite de Rasmussen
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-03-06) Ferreira, Elane de Nazaré Magno [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9867636928092492; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7953001735549217; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Rasmussen encephalitis is a serious neurological disease that affects children in early childhood and is considered to have an autoimmune origin. It usually affects only one of the cerebral hemispheres. Their neuropathological features include the presence of microglial nodules and colonization by T lymphocytes in the lesion area. These brain tissue alterations are related to neuronal death and with progressive loss of cognitive and motor functions and other events directly associated to the most affected brain areas. The antiepileptic drug treatment has little influence in seizure control what makes surgical treatment an interesting alternative. The presence of significant inflammatory process, and its relation to the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis, reveals neurogenesis as an interesting pathophysiological focus that deserves to be investigated, since it is strongly influenced by inflammation and epileptogenesis. Work carried out in recent decades indicates that epileptogenesis, or even the mere occurrence of epileptic seizures, increases hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas inflammation tends to decrease it, since the colonization of brain parenchyma by strains of lymphocytes has been considered to inhibit neurogenesis. Thus, the focus of this thesis addresses the core parameters of relevance to the histopathological study of hippocampal tissue obtained from surgical treatment of Rasmussen's encephalitis patients, ie, the number of neurons and astrocytes, as well as the study of proteins related to neurogenic function. For the control group, it was used brain tissue of people that died for reasons unrelated to neurological diseases. The analysis of hippocampal cellularity revealed no difference between the number of neurons in hippocampal sectors in comparison to the control. Astrocitopenia was observed in hippocampal CA4 region and in the dentate gyrus. The occurrence of pluripotent cells by anti-Sox2 Immunohistochemistry revealed no difference between patients with encephalitis Rasmussen and control cases, while the proliferative rate observed by anti-Ki-67 immunostaining was higher in patients with encephalitis Rasmussen. The intermediate neurofilament (nestin) expression and its co-localization with SSIII-tubulin and BDNF, was more prominent in the hippocampus of patients with Rasmussen Encephalitis. However, these cells showed no co-localization with the other markers. The expression of BDNF was found to be exacerbated in mature hippocampal neurons of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis, but not in newly generated cells.
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    Pharmacological treatment for kleine-levin syndrome
    (Wiley-blackwell, 2016) de Oliveira, Marcio M. [UNIFESP]; Conti, Cristiane [UNIFESP]; Prado, Gilmar F. [UNIFESP]
    Background This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review, published in 2009, Issue 2. Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder that mainly affects adolescent men. It is characterised by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, usually accompanied by hyperphagia, cognitive and mood disturbances, abnormal behaviour, such as hypersexuality, and signs of dysautonomia. In 1990, the diagnostic criteria for Kleine-Levin syndrome were modified in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, where KLS was defined as a syndrome comprised of recurring episodes of undue sleepiness lasting some days, which may or may not be associated with hyperphagia and abnormal behaviour. According to the International Classification of Sleepiness Disorders, 3rd version (ICSD-3), revised in 2014, the Kleine-Levin syndrome is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia that last from two days to four weeks, with at least annual recurrence, and hyperphagia (rapid consumption of a large amount of food), usually with onset in early adolescence in males but occasionally in later life and in women. A monosymptomatic form of the disorder with hypersomnia only can occur without binge eating or hypersexuality. The cause of Kleine-Levin syndrome remains unknown, and several treatment strategies have been used. Some medications have been reported to provide benefit in the treatment of patients with KLS, but because of the rarity of the condition, no long-term follow-up therapies have yet been described. Objectives This review aimed to evaluate: 1. whether pharmacological treatment for Kleine Levin syndrome was effective and safe. 2. which drug or category of drugs was effective and safe. Search methods For the latest update, we searched the following sources: the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register (7 April 2016)