Navegando por Palavras-chave "Human milk"

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    O estado nutricional da mulher em aleitamento materno nos primeiros 6 meses de lactação e sua influência na composição do leite humano
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-08-28) Castro, Lucíola Sant'Anna de [UNIFESP]; Coca, Kelly Pereira [UNIFESP]; Sañudo, Adriana [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1676711953464613; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8167230363189115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2343198115338722
    Introdução: A adequada nutrição materna nos primeiros mil dias de uma criança, em especial da concepção até o sexto mês de vida, tem sido uma janela de oportunidades para diminuir a morbimortalidade da criança nesse período e melhorar o estado de saúde da mulher. Apesar disso, os cuidados com a saúde e nutrição materna são pouco investigados. Objetivo: avaliar a influência do estado nutricional de mulheres em aleitamento materno nos primeiros seis meses de lactação na composição do leite humano. Métodos: coorte prospectiva realizada em um serviço especializado em Aleitamento Materno com mulheres lactantes, adultas e brasileiras, entre 2020 e 2023. Foram coletadas variáveis de caracterização da população estudada, dados antropométricos, composição corporal e de consumo alimentar da mulher. Amostras de 10 ml de leite humano foram coletadas para verificar a energia e os macronutrientes por meio do analisador de leite humano. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre 15 e 30 dias, 2º, 3º, 4º e 6º mês pós-parto. Os dados foram agrupados em eutrofia, sobrepeso e obesidade, de acordo com o IMC pré-gestacional da mulher. Empregou-se as estatísticas ANOVA para as variáveis quantitativas, e teste Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado de Pearson para as variáveis qualitativas segundo classificação de IMC pré-gestacional; ANOVA de medidas repetidas para avaliar a evolução das variáveis quantitativas de interesse ao longo dos 180 dias pós-parto; e, correlação de Pearson para avaliar a correlação entre os dados maternos e a composição do leite humano. Para as análises inferenciais foi considerado nível de significância α igual a 5%. Resultados: Um total de 116 mulheres foram incluídas no estudo, 46,6% eram eutróficas, 36,2% sobrepeso e 17,2% com obesidade. A prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 86,2% na inclusão entre os grupos (p>0,05). A perda de seguimento no estudo variou de 16,4 a 34,5% entre o segundo e sexto mês pós-parto. No período de seis meses, as mulheres eutróficas perderam peso (p<0,001), diminuíram circunferência da cintura (p<0,001), dobra supra ilíaca (p=0,001) e massa gorda (p<0,001); mulheres com sobrepeso apresentaram perda de peso (p=0,045), diminuição da circunferência da cintura (p<0,001) e aumento da braquial (p=0,003); e as mulheres com obesidade aumentaram o peso corporal (p=0,003), circunferência braquial (p<0,001) e massa gorda (p=0,010). As mulheres apresentaram ingestão alimentar de 2537 Kcal, em média, com proporção acima do recomendado para a distribuição de lipídeos, sendo a maior ingestão de calorias pelas mulheres com sobrepeso; e, destas calorias, 24,8% corresponderam ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. A composição nutricional do leite humano não apresentou associação com o estado nutricional pré-gestacional, porém os teores médios de proteínas bruta e verdadeira apresentaram uma diminuição gradativa nos três grupos (p<0,001). Houveram correlações, positiva e negativa, entre os teores de proteína bruta e verdadeira com a porcentagem de massa gorda e o índice de água corporal total da massa magra, respectivamente. E, também, correlação negativa entre a ingestão de energia, carboidrato e proteína da dieta materna e os teores de energia, gordura e carboidrato do leite humano. Conclusões: O estado nutricional pré-gestacional não interferiu na composição nutricional do leite nas mulheres estudadas, mas a composição corporal, por meio da adiposidade corporal e hidratação da massa magra, e a dieta materna apresentaram correlação com os macronutrientes e valor energético do leite humano.
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    Oligossacarídeos do leite humano : relação com as características socioambientais, genéticas, presença de doença alérgica materna e com a microbiota fecal do lactente
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-08-31) Tonon, Karina Merini [UNIFESP]; Morais, Tania Beninga de [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5056114729141952; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4760883309256964; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2442452609232782; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is highly variable in the population. The prebiotic effects of HMOs appear to be exerted by specific molecules on certain bacteria of the infant gut microbiota and may be influenced by the variability of HMOs composition. Objective: To investigate the composition of HMOs and their relationship with socioenvironmental and genetic characteristics, maternal allergic disease and with the infant fecal microbiota. Methods: 78 mother-infant pairs in exclusive breastfeeding were recruited. Clinical data of the nursing mother and infant were obtained from the medical records and with the aid of questionnaires. The presence of allergic disease in the mother was diagnosed by the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. The socioeconomic level of the family was established according to the criteria of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa). Human milk (HM) samples (n = 78) and infant feces samples (n = 54) were obtained from the mother-infant pairs. HM samples were analyzed for the concentration of 16 HMOs by LC-MS and the infant feces samples were analyzed for the concentration of 16 microorganisms by qPCR. The presence of α1-2 fucosylated HMOs in HM was used to determine the secretor phenotype of the mother. Results: Of the 78 nursing mothers, 87% were secretors and 13% were non-secretors. HM from secretors and non-secretors presented significant differences in the HMO profile and a high variability was observed in the HMO composition of mothers with the same secretor phenotype. Weight, BMI and nutritional status of the mother were associated with HMOs concentration. Allergic disease and socioeconomic level were not associated with HMOs concentration. Negative correlations were observed between HMOs and infant weight gain. There were no differences in the microbiota composition of infants from secretor and non-secretor mothers, but positive and negative correlations were observed among several HMOs and microorganisms from the infant feces. Conclusion: Weight, BMI and nutritional status are associated with HMOs concentration. Despite the quantitative and qualitative differences in the ingested HMOs, infants breastfed by secretor and non-secretor mothers do not have differences in the fecal microbiota composition.
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    Perfil sociodemográfico de doadoras de um banco de leite humano de referência na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil: associação com contaminação por coliformes
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-02-28) Maciel, Ronaldo Franca [UNIFESP]; Morais, Tania Beninga de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4760883309256964; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9406198283569895; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: To study the relationship between coliform contamination in human milk from a milk bank and the sociodemographic profile of donor mothers. Methods: Samples of pasteurized human milk (n = 2848) were collected between January 2014 to December 2015 in a public human milk bank. Contamination by total coliforms was evaluated according to the methodology proposed by ANVISA. Sociodemographic data of 233 donor mothers were used in a hierarchical regression model for the definition of significant distal, intermediate and proximal determinants of the "contamination" outcome. Results: A total of 56 out of 233 donors provided at least one sample contaminated with coliforms. The final model showed that the main variable for the risk of contamination by coliforms was to be a donor of a larger number of samples, with an increase of 1% in the prevalence of contamination to each sampled donation unit. By tripling the risk, we observed the following variables: performing milking at home; have fewer than three children and have performed prenatal care on the private network. The following variables doubled the risk of contamination: to have less high school; perform the milk collection with a pump and being a mother of a baby less than 1 month old at the beginning of the donation. The adjusted regression coefficient (R2) of the final model explained 16.4% of the variability of the outcome. Conclusions: Although it is a robust method, the statistical model explained only 16.0% of the variability of the outcome, evidencing that some unknown variables contribute to the contamination of the donated milk. As the collection at home and the use of pumps for extraction are the two main relevant proximal determinants, it’s important to start studies in the households to understand which collection and storage practices are defining the outcome of coliform contamination of donated human milk.
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    Vitamin A concentration in human milk and its relationship with liver reserve formation and compliance with the recommended daily intake of vitamin A in pre-term and term infants in exclusive breastfeeding
    (Springer, 2015-02-01) Souza, Gisele; Dolinsky, Manoela [UNIFESP]; Matos, Andrea; Chagas, Cristiane; Ramalho, Andrea; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Fiocruz MS
    To evaluate vitamin A concentration in mature breast milk of nursing mothers aiming to meet the daily needs and the formation of liver reserve in pre-term (PT) and term infants (T) in comparison with the recommended intake for this nutrient in this group.We analyzed the retinol concentration in the milk of 120 nursing mothers (40 of PT infants and 80 of T infants) by collecting 10 mL of mature breast milk, held by a hand spray of one of the breasts 2 h after the last feeding in the morning. the cutoff points adopted for identification of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and the liver reserve were < 1.05 and > 2.3 mu mol/L, respectively.The concentrations of retinol in the human milk of T infants were superior to concentrations in the milk of PT infants (1.87 + 0.81 > 1.38 + 0.67 mu mol/L, p < 0.0001). They were higher in T compared to PT (352.64 + 152.72 > 217.65 + 105.65 mu g, p < 0.0001), but both were below the recommendation. VAD was 20.0 % (T) and 27.5 % (PT). Only 40.0 % (T) and 22.5 % (PT) of the mothers had retinol concentrations in milk above 2.3 mmol/L.The milk of the nursing mothers studied did not have enough retinol to meet the daily needs and to form liver reserve in both groups, especially in PT newborns. This finding reinforces the idea that supplementation with massive doses of vitamin A in the immediate postpartum period can be used as a protective device of the infant against VAD.