Navegando por Palavras-chave "Labor Market"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Diferencial de salários público-privado e ciclo econômico no Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Martins, Fernando Fabian De Freitas [UNIFESP]; Vaz, Daniela Verzola [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloThis paper analyzes the wage premium paid to the Brazilian state government employees compared to the private sector ones. This differential is estimated with Mincerian equations using 1995 to 2015 annual data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE) and corrected for selection bias by a bivariate probit model for the probabilities of taking part in the labor force and being a public employee. Once the public-private wage differentials are obtained for each year and state government, they are adopted as the dependent variable in a panel data approach to verify the hypothesis of a countercyclical behavior. The covariates used are the unemployment rate, public finance indicators, the percentage of public employees over total employment, industry share in GDP, and variables to identify electoral cycles. For the panel data models, we used different estimation methods and tested for the hypothesis of heterogeneity of impacts of the labor market and public finance covariates across states. Our findings show that the wage differential has a countercyclical behavior tied to a more rigid labor market in the public sector. However, the relation between the pay gap and the unemployment rate was found to be nonlinear, and for high levels of unemployment, the earnings of public employees are also affected.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Flexibilização dos contratos de trabalho e desemprego: evidências para o caso do Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-02-28) Polli, Erick Ohanesian [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Marcelo Soares De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloThe Brazilian government approved a labor reform in 2017 that has become the most significant modification in labor legislation since 1990s. Changes in labor laws are intended to make employment contracts more flexible, in order to create jobs. The theoretical support for labor market flexibility is found in New Keynesian , who argue that flexibility contributes to eliminate involuntary unemployment. Critics, such as Post Keynesians, Kaleckians, Institutionalists, and Marxians use alternative theoretical models arguing the ineffectiveness of employment flexibility to eliminate involuntary unemployment and interpret the flexibility as causing negative effects for the labor force. The purpose of this research isto analyze the effects of employment flexibility in determining unemployment. Pnad and Continuous Pnad data allow to verify the flexibility indicators and the labor market behavior during the reference period.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Mercado De Trabalho Brasileiro Recente: Uma Análise Das Condições Da Aproximação Ao "Pleno Emprego"(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-07-10) Barros, Andre Correa [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Marcelo Soares De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A Discussion About The Labor Market And The Possible Occurrence Of A Full Employment Situation Was Observed Recently In The Brazilian Economy, More Precisely Until Mid-2014, During Which The Unemployment Rate Calculated By Ibge Reached A Historically Low Mark Of 4,8%. After This Period, However, The Labor Market Has Been Registering Successive Decreases In The Generation Of Jobs, Which Consequently Contributes To A Significant Increase In The Brazilian Unemployment Rate. Given This Employment Context, The Study Aims To Contextualize The (Specific) Experience Of Growth Of The Brazilian Economy Within The Period 2002-15, As Well As The Characterization Of Jobs Generated At The Specific Moment In Which Favorable Conditions Were Observed Full Employment Situation. This Focus Was Chosen Due To The Fact That In The Face Of A Significant And Rapid Rise In The Unemployment Rate At A Later Time The Nature Of The Jobs Previously Generated Would Not Correspond To That Of Full Employment In Its Context Of Developed Econo
- ItemSomente MetadadadosMercado de trabalho brasileiro: Sistema público de emprego (2004-2014)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-04-03) Santos, Rafaella Lima Dos [UNIFESP]; Pereira Neto, Murilo Leal [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloThis study seeks to analyze the formation of the Public Employment System in Brazil, considering the socioeconomic contexts in which the labor market was structured and the role of the State in the formulation of policies aimed at the regulation of labor relations and, especially, for the protection of the workers. First, we look for some theoretical interpretation lines for the cause of unemployment, so that it was possible to understand the origins of the Public Employment System from the creation of the ILO and how it unfolds in Brazil, after analyzing the expansion and regulation of the Brazilian labor market. between 2003 and 2014, in order to understand the institutional changes that occurred in labor relations to try to understand if the improvements of this period are only a by-product of economic growth or the institutional design has also changed pointing to a possible qualitative change in the labor market.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A mulher negra no mercado de trabalho: um estudo observacional do filme ‘’Estrelas além do tempo’’(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-11-12) SANTOS, Gabriella Fernanda [UNIFESP]; LEITE, Nildes Raimunda Pitombo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1050030810573625Considerando o histórico de exclusão no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, especialmente para as mulheres negras, este estudo amplia a compreensão dessas dinâmicas e suas implicações. A pesquisa visa contribuir para as análises que buscam identificar as desigualdades de gênero e a perpetuação das desigualdades raciais, fornecendo potencialmente um aporte teórico relevante para o debate sobre a situação das mulheres negras nos âmbitos educacional e profissional. O presente trabalho busca analisar a desigualdade de gênero e raça no contexto laboral, com base na análise do filme ‘Estrelas Além do Tempo’. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram: (1) influências profundas da herança histórica da escravidão na jornada e nos obstáculos enfrentados pela mulher negra no mercado de trabalho e no âmbito educacional, enfatizando as disparidades persistentes e as barreiras estruturais na contemporaneidade; (2) evidência contínua de disparidades salariais, limitações de acesso a cargos de liderança e subrepresentação da mulher negra em espaços de poder corporativo, apesar dos avanços e políticas afirmativas e; (3) necessidade de ações mais eficazes e impactantes na promoção da Diversidade e Inclusão, indo além do discurso para efetivamente implementar práticas que reconheçam e valorizem as significativas contribuições das mulheres negras no mercado de trabalho.