Avaliação do desempenho de membranas de um sistema de osmose reversa para água de alimentação da caldeira
Data
2023-11-28
Autores
Silva, Caroline Neri dos Santos 
Mahmoud Junior, Ricardo Marques
Orientadores
Pontes, Ricardo de Freitas Fernandes
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A água, recurso vital para todos os seres vivos, está se tornando cada vez mais escassa. Esta escassez é causada principalmente pelo aumento da poluição, degradação ambiental, alterações climáticas, entre outros. É importante entender formas de economizar esse recurso, como reaproveitar a água de um processo industrial para alimentar caldeiras industriais. Porém, existem alguns contratempos, pois a água que alimenta as caldeiras precisa ser desmineralizada, e para isso, podese utilizar a Osmose Reversa (OR), importante tratamento que remove sais dissolvidos, impurezas e contaminantes da água. Essa remoção ocorre por meio de membranas semipermeáveis, que permitem a passagem apenas da água purificada. Com isso, por meio de dados da água de alimentação da caldeira de uma empresa petroquímica, foi possível realizar uma análise de remoção sólidos totais dissolvidos, diminuição da dureza total, da condutividade e ajuste de pH para três diferentes tipos de membranas (BW30 PRO-400/34, BW30 XFRLE-400/34 e BW30-400) e assim, compreender qual das três apresenta melhor desempenho, segundo a ASME (Sociedade dos Engenheiros Mecânicos dos Estados Unidos) que determina o valor ótimo para esses parâmetros. As análises foram feitas para o sistema de OR instalado na empresa, usando o software WAVE (Dupont), que possibilita a inserção de dados iniciais, além da membrana desejada e retorna os dados informando como seria a saída dessa água após passagem pela Osmose Reversa. Como resultado, pode-se compreender que a melhor membrana seria a BW30 PRO-400/34 para a remoção de Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, PO4 2-, SiO2 e STD, com uma contrapressão baixa de apenas 0,5 barg. Na associação de membranas, obteve-se bons resultados quando colocada a membrana BW30-400 no primeiro estágio e a membrana BW30-PRO 400/34 no segundo, contudo foi necessário colocar uma de 5 barg entre os estágios, algo que impossibilita a utilização dessa configuração visto o grande gasto energético e a deterioração das membranas com o passar do tempo. Para o sistema de membranas atualmente instalados na empresa (BW30-400), foi sugerida uma melhoria para extensão da vida útil, gerando menor desgaste e menor quantidade de lavagens químicas da OR, colocando uma contrapressão de 1 barg entre os estágios.
Water, a vital resource for all living beings, is becoming increasingly scarce. This scarcity is mainly caused by increased pollution, environmental degradation, climate change, among others. It is important to understand ways of saving this resource, such as reusing water from an industrial process to feed industrial boilers. However, there are some setbacks, as the water that feeds the boilers needs to be demineralized, and for this, Reverse Osmosis (RO) can be used, an important treatment that removes dissolved salts, impurities and contaminants from the water. This removal takes place using semi-permeable membranes, which allow only purified water to pass through. With this in mind, using data from the boiler feed water of a petrochemical company, it was possible to carry out an analysis of total dissolved solids removal, reduction in total hardness, conductivity and pH adjustment for three different types of membrane (BW30 PRO-400/34, BW30 XFRLE-400/34 and BW30-400) and thus understand which of the three performs best, according to ASME (Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States), which determines the optimum value for these parameters. The analyses were carried out for the OR system installed at the company, using the WAVE software (Dupont), which allows initial data to be entered, as well as the desired membrane, and returns the data informing how this water would come out after passing through Reverse Osmosis. As a result, it can be understood that the best membrane would be the BW30 PRO-400/34 for removing Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, PO42-, SiO2 and STD, with a low back pressure of just 0.5 barg. When combining membranes, good results were obtained when the BW30-400 membrane was placed in the first stage and the BW30-PRO 400/34 membrane in the second, although it was necessary to place a 5 barg membrane between the stages, something that makes it impossible to use this configuration given the high energy costs and the deterioration of the membranes over time. For the membrane system currently installed at the company (BW30-400), an improvement was suggested to extend the useful life, generating less wear and less chemical washing of the RO, by placing a 1 barg backpressure between the stages.
Water, a vital resource for all living beings, is becoming increasingly scarce. This scarcity is mainly caused by increased pollution, environmental degradation, climate change, among others. It is important to understand ways of saving this resource, such as reusing water from an industrial process to feed industrial boilers. However, there are some setbacks, as the water that feeds the boilers needs to be demineralized, and for this, Reverse Osmosis (RO) can be used, an important treatment that removes dissolved salts, impurities and contaminants from the water. This removal takes place using semi-permeable membranes, which allow only purified water to pass through. With this in mind, using data from the boiler feed water of a petrochemical company, it was possible to carry out an analysis of total dissolved solids removal, reduction in total hardness, conductivity and pH adjustment for three different types of membrane (BW30 PRO-400/34, BW30 XFRLE-400/34 and BW30-400) and thus understand which of the three performs best, according to ASME (Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States), which determines the optimum value for these parameters. The analyses were carried out for the OR system installed at the company, using the WAVE software (Dupont), which allows initial data to be entered, as well as the desired membrane, and returns the data informing how this water would come out after passing through Reverse Osmosis. As a result, it can be understood that the best membrane would be the BW30 PRO-400/34 for removing Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, PO42-, SiO2 and STD, with a low back pressure of just 0.5 barg. When combining membranes, good results were obtained when the BW30-400 membrane was placed in the first stage and the BW30-PRO 400/34 membrane in the second, although it was necessary to place a 5 barg membrane between the stages, something that makes it impossible to use this configuration given the high energy costs and the deterioration of the membranes over time. For the membrane system currently installed at the company (BW30-400), an improvement was suggested to extend the useful life, generating less wear and less chemical washing of the RO, by placing a 1 barg backpressure between the stages.