Fatores de estilo de vida associados à hipertensão arterial autorreferida: análises dos dados do Vigitel 2021
Data
2023-08-09
Autores
Silva, Jackeline Caetano da 
Orientadores
Steluti, Josiane
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: Popularmente conhecida como pressão alta, a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), é uma condição multifatorial, agravada por fenômenos ambientais, socioeconômicos, e associados a fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais. No ano de 2015 a HAS foi relacionada à 50% das doenças cardiovasculares e 14% do total de óbitos no mundo. Diante disso, ações de monitoramento e vigilância em saúde são necessárias para entender o avanço da HAS e implementar medidas de controle e prevenção. Nesse contexto, no Brasil, alguns estudos populacionais como o Sistema de Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) têm coletado, anualmente, informações referidas da HAS para investigar a prevalência da doença desde 2006. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de estilo de vida associados ao diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida nas 26 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal a partir de dados do VIGITEL 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou informações de 26579 adultos e idosos da pesquisa VIGITEL do ano de 2021. Foram analisadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% da hipertensão arterial autorreferida. Teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson foi realizada para avaliar associação entre as prevalências de HAS e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde e estilo vida. Além disso, modelos de regressão logística foram conduzidos para avaliar a associação entre os fatores de saúde e estilos de vida e o diagnóstico autorreferido de hipertensão arterial, levando em consideração a complexidade amostral do inquérito. Resultados: Observou-se maiores prevalências de HAS em idosos (56,9%), com 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade (54,7%) e que residiam com companheiro (34,5%), com diferença estatística na comparação com as outras categorias (p<0,001). Quando se compara a prevalência de HAS entre as 26 capitais brasileiras e o DF, nota-se diferença (p=0,002). A maior prevalência de HAS foi no Rio de Janeiro (33,0%) e a menor prevalência em São Luís (20,1%). Além disso, também houve diferença das prevalências de HAS na ocorrência dos fatores de risco modificáveis (p<0,001). As maiores prevalências ocorreram entre os indivíduos com excesso de peso (34,7%), praticante de atividade física insuficiente (33,5%), fumante e ex-fumante (35,9%) e não consumidores de bebidas alcoólicas (31,9%). Nas análises de associação entre hipertensão e os fatores de risco modificáveis no total Brasil e, separadamente, nas 26 capitais brasileiras e no DF, destaca-se que ter obesidade aumentou a chance de ser hipertenso no Brasil e em todas as capitais (p<0,05), exceto Fortaleza e Manaus. Outras associações variaram muito de acordo com as cidades. Conclusão: Existe relação entre variáveis demográficas e de estilo de vida no diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial referida na população brasileira. No entanto, diferenças nessas associações são observadas ao avaliarmos as 26 capitais brasileiras e o DF separadamente.
Introduction: Popularly known as high blood pressure, Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial condition, aggravated by environmental, socioeconomic phenomena, and associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In 2015, SAH was related to 50% of cardiovascular diseases and 14% of all deaths in the world. Therefore, monitoring and health surveillance actions are necessary to understand the progress of SAH and implement control and prevention measures. In this context, in Brazil, some population studies such as the Chronic Disease Surveillance System by Telephone Inquiry (VIGITEL) have annually collected reported information on SAH to investigate the prevalence of the disease since 2006. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle factors associated with the diagnosis of referred systemic arterial hypertension in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District based on data from VIGITEL 2021. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed information from 26,579 adults and elderly people from the VIGITEL survey in 2021. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of self-reported arterial hypertension were analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was performed to assess the association between the prevalence of hypertension and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables. Furthermore, logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between health and lifestyle factors and the self-reported diagnosis of arterial hypertension, taking into account the sample complexity of the survey. Results: A higher prevalence of SAH was observed in the elderly (56.9%), with 0 to 4 years of education (54.7%) and who lived with a partner (34.5%), with a statistical difference in comparison with the other categories (p<0.001). When comparing the prevalence of hypertension between the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF, a difference is noted (p=0.002). The highest prevalence of SAH was in Rio de Janeiro (33.0%) and the lowest prevalence in São Luís (20.1%). Furthermore, there was also a difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the occurrence of modifiable risk factors (p<0.001). The highest prevalence occurred among individuals who were overweight (34.7%), practiced insufficient physical activity (33.5%), smokers and ex-smokers (35.9%) and did not consume alcoholic beverages (31. 9%). In the analysis of the association between hypertension and modifiable risk factors in Brazil as a whole and, separately, in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF, it is highlighted that having obesity increased the chance of being hypertensive in Brazil and in all capitals (p<0 .05), except Fortaleza and Manaus. Other associations varied greatly according to cities. Conclusion: There is a relationship between demographic and lifestyle variables in the diagnosis of selfreported hypertension in the Brazilian population. However, differences in these associations are observed when we evaluate the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF separately.
Introduction: Popularly known as high blood pressure, Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial condition, aggravated by environmental, socioeconomic phenomena, and associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In 2015, SAH was related to 50% of cardiovascular diseases and 14% of all deaths in the world. Therefore, monitoring and health surveillance actions are necessary to understand the progress of SAH and implement control and prevention measures. In this context, in Brazil, some population studies such as the Chronic Disease Surveillance System by Telephone Inquiry (VIGITEL) have annually collected reported information on SAH to investigate the prevalence of the disease since 2006. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle factors associated with the diagnosis of referred systemic arterial hypertension in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District based on data from VIGITEL 2021. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed information from 26,579 adults and elderly people from the VIGITEL survey in 2021. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of self-reported arterial hypertension were analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was performed to assess the association between the prevalence of hypertension and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables. Furthermore, logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between health and lifestyle factors and the self-reported diagnosis of arterial hypertension, taking into account the sample complexity of the survey. Results: A higher prevalence of SAH was observed in the elderly (56.9%), with 0 to 4 years of education (54.7%) and who lived with a partner (34.5%), with a statistical difference in comparison with the other categories (p<0.001). When comparing the prevalence of hypertension between the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF, a difference is noted (p=0.002). The highest prevalence of SAH was in Rio de Janeiro (33.0%) and the lowest prevalence in São Luís (20.1%). Furthermore, there was also a difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the occurrence of modifiable risk factors (p<0.001). The highest prevalence occurred among individuals who were overweight (34.7%), practiced insufficient physical activity (33.5%), smokers and ex-smokers (35.9%) and did not consume alcoholic beverages (31. 9%). In the analysis of the association between hypertension and modifiable risk factors in Brazil as a whole and, separately, in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF, it is highlighted that having obesity increased the chance of being hypertensive in Brazil and in all capitals (p<0 .05), except Fortaleza and Manaus. Other associations varied greatly according to cities. Conclusion: There is a relationship between demographic and lifestyle variables in the diagnosis of selfreported hypertension in the Brazilian population. However, differences in these associations are observed when we evaluate the 26 Brazilian capitals and the DF separately.