Estudo preliminar de uma unidade de craqueamento catalítico fluidizado (FCC)
Data
2022-02-01
Autores
Maziero, Henrique Garcia 
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O petróleo é um importante recurso energético mundial, cuja composição é uma complexa mistura de hidrocarbonetos. Devido ao seu valor e capacidade de derivar inúmeros produtos, investimentos e tecnologias continuam a ser aplicados no setor, projetando uma produção crescente de óleo e gás entre 2021 e 2025. A obtenção de produtos derivados do petróleo engloba processos químicos e físicos que tem como objetivo agregar valor ao petróleo. Esse objetivo é alcançado nas refinarias, compostas por unidades de separação e conversão do petróleo e tratamento dos produtos. Dentre as diferentes unidades que compõe uma refinaria, a unidade de Craqueamento Catalítico Fluidizado (FCC) é o principal foco de estudo deste trabalho. Esse processo, chave para a lucratividade da refinaria, converte frações pesadas do petróleo em frações mais leves, em outras palavras, de maior valor comercial, como a gasolina, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) e o Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo (GLP). A fim de estudar e entender preliminarmente o processo, foram utilizados três tipos diferentes de petróleo como cargas de alimentação (Boscan Venezuelano, Bonny Nigeriano e Árabe Leve) e os resultados foram obtidos a partir da simulação do processo utilizando o software Aspen® Hysys. Obteve-se rendimentos em massa da Nafta, Óleo de Ciclo Leve (LCO) e Óleo de Ciclo Pesado (HCO). Para a alimentação mais pesada, por exemplo, que comprovou a eficiência do processo, obteve-se os rendimentos de 36,6%, 16,7% e 10,0% em massa, respectivamente para a Nafta, LCO e HCO.
The crude oil is an important global energy resource, whose composition is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Due to its value and ability to turn into several products, investments and technologies continue to be applied in the sector, projecting an increasing in the production of oil and gas from 2021 to 2025. Obtaining petroleum-derived products includes chemical and physical processes that aim to add value to petroleum. This objective is achieved at the refineries, which are build up of units for separation, conversion and treatment the products. Among the different units that belongs to a refinery, the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit is the main study focus of this paper. This process is the key to the refinery's profitability and converts heavy oil fractions into lighter fractions, in other words, with greater commercial value, such as gasoline, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). In order to study and understand a preliminar FCC process, it was used three different types of oil in the feed (Venezuelan Boscan, Nigerian Bonny and Arabian Light) and the results were obtained by a simulation in the software Aspen® Hysys. It were obtained the nafta, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) and Heavy Cycle Oil (HCO) yield in mass. Regarding the most heavy feed, which proved the efficiency of the process, the yielding was 36,6%, 16,7% and 10% in mass, respectively for nafta, LCO and HCO.
The crude oil is an important global energy resource, whose composition is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Due to its value and ability to turn into several products, investments and technologies continue to be applied in the sector, projecting an increasing in the production of oil and gas from 2021 to 2025. Obtaining petroleum-derived products includes chemical and physical processes that aim to add value to petroleum. This objective is achieved at the refineries, which are build up of units for separation, conversion and treatment the products. Among the different units that belongs to a refinery, the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit is the main study focus of this paper. This process is the key to the refinery's profitability and converts heavy oil fractions into lighter fractions, in other words, with greater commercial value, such as gasoline, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). In order to study and understand a preliminar FCC process, it was used three different types of oil in the feed (Venezuelan Boscan, Nigerian Bonny and Arabian Light) and the results were obtained by a simulation in the software Aspen® Hysys. It were obtained the nafta, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) and Heavy Cycle Oil (HCO) yield in mass. Regarding the most heavy feed, which proved the efficiency of the process, the yielding was 36,6%, 16,7% and 10% in mass, respectively for nafta, LCO and HCO.