Avaliação cefalométrica do padrão de crescimento vertical da face em crianças respiradoras bucais
Data
2022
Autores
Besen, André 
Orientadores
Cappellette Júnior, Mário
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O desequilíbrio do padrão respiratório pode comprometer o crescimento
e desenvolvimento craniofacial gerando uma série de complicações à saúde geral e
bucal. Entender a morfologia facial do paciente respirador bucal, pode auxiliar no
diagnóstico, prognóstico e até mesmo no plano de tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar, por
meio de telerradiografias sagital (lateral) e frontal, as características cefalométricas
relacionadas a altura facial em crianças respiradoras bucais correlacionando os
resultados obtidos ao sexo e idade. Material e Método: amostra composta por 416
imagens radiográficas em norma frontal e sagital (lateral) correspondentes a 208
pacientes respiradores bucais com distribuição equilibrada por sexo (104 do sexo
feminino e 104 do sexo masculino) e média de idade de 9,5 anos variando de 6 a 13
anos. Foram avaliadas 4 medidas cefalométricas relacionadas à altura da face, o
ângulo NS.GoMe e o ângulo NS.Gn, em norma lateral, e a altura facial anteroinferior
(distância ENA-Me) e altura facial total (distância ZL/ZR-Me) em norma frontal. Após
a coleta dos dados, os mesmos foram avaliados dentro de um contexto globalizado e
correlacionados com o sexo e idade. Resultados: No total da amostra, 76.9%
(IC95%: 70.9%-82.3%) dos pacientes apresentaram padrão cefalométrico
hiperdivergente, 17.8% (IC95%: 13.1%-23.4%) normodivergente e 5.3% (IC95%:
2.8%-9.0%) hipodivergente, não se registrando diferenças significativas quanto ao
sexo em nenhum dos padrões. A associação do padrão cefalométrico com a idade,
mostrou que entre os hiperdivergentes e hipodevergentes, a média foi mais alta entre
as crianças maiores (13 anos para os hiper (92,3%)) e 11 anos para os
hipodivergentes (19,2%). Entre os normodivergentes as maiores médias ocorreram
nas crianças mais novas (7 anos (36,4%)). Conclusão: O padrão dólicofacial foi o
predominante entre os respiradores bucais, seguidos dos mesofaciais e braquifaciais
respectivamente. Em uma análise global, não houveram associações significativas na
comparação dos tipos faciais em relação ao sexo e idade.
Introduction: The imbalance of the breathing pattern can compromise craniofacial growth and development, generating a series of complications to general and oral health. Understanding the facial behavior of the mouth-breathing patient can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Objective: To evaluate, through sagittal (lateral) and frontal cephalometric radiographs, the cephalometric characteristics related to facial height in mouth-breathing children, correlating the results obtained with sex and age. Material and Method: sample was composed of 416 radiographic images in frontal and sagittal (lateral) norm corresponding to 208 mouth-breathing patients with balanced distribution by sex (104 females and 104 males) and mean age of 9.5 years ranging from 6 to 13 years. Four cephalometric measurements related to face height, the NS.GoMe angle and the NS.Gn angle, in the sagittal norm, and the anteroinferior facial height (ENA-Me distance) and total facial height (ZL/ZR-Me distance) were evaluated. In frontal norm. After data collection, they were evaluated within a globalized context and correlated with sex and age. Results: In the total sample, 76.9% (95%CI: 70.9%-82.3%) of the patients had a hyper-divergent cephalometric pattern, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.1%-23.4%) normodivergent and 5.3% (95%CI: 2.8%-9.0 %) hypo-divergent, with no significant differences regarding sex in any of the patterns. The association of cephalometric pattern with age showed that among hyper divergent and hypodevergent children, the mean was higher among older children (13 years for hyperdivergents (92.3%)) and 11 years for hypodivergents (19.2%). Among normodivergents, the highest averages occurred in younger children (7 years old (36.4%). Conclusion: The dolichofacial pattern was predominant among mouth breathers, followed by mesofacial and brachyfacial. In a global analysis, there were no significant associations when comparing facial types about sex and age.
Introduction: The imbalance of the breathing pattern can compromise craniofacial growth and development, generating a series of complications to general and oral health. Understanding the facial behavior of the mouth-breathing patient can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Objective: To evaluate, through sagittal (lateral) and frontal cephalometric radiographs, the cephalometric characteristics related to facial height in mouth-breathing children, correlating the results obtained with sex and age. Material and Method: sample was composed of 416 radiographic images in frontal and sagittal (lateral) norm corresponding to 208 mouth-breathing patients with balanced distribution by sex (104 females and 104 males) and mean age of 9.5 years ranging from 6 to 13 years. Four cephalometric measurements related to face height, the NS.GoMe angle and the NS.Gn angle, in the sagittal norm, and the anteroinferior facial height (ENA-Me distance) and total facial height (ZL/ZR-Me distance) were evaluated. In frontal norm. After data collection, they were evaluated within a globalized context and correlated with sex and age. Results: In the total sample, 76.9% (95%CI: 70.9%-82.3%) of the patients had a hyper-divergent cephalometric pattern, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.1%-23.4%) normodivergent and 5.3% (95%CI: 2.8%-9.0 %) hypo-divergent, with no significant differences regarding sex in any of the patterns. The association of cephalometric pattern with age showed that among hyper divergent and hypodevergent children, the mean was higher among older children (13 years for hyperdivergents (92.3%)) and 11 years for hypodivergents (19.2%). Among normodivergents, the highest averages occurred in younger children (7 years old (36.4%). Conclusion: The dolichofacial pattern was predominant among mouth breathers, followed by mesofacial and brachyfacial. In a global analysis, there were no significant associations when comparing facial types about sex and age.