Gravidez na adolescência: desafio da saúde pública em Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre
Data
2014-12-17
Autores
Silva, Maria Susana Barboza da 
Orientadores
Figueiredo, Elisabeth Niglio de
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A gravidez na adolescência é considerada uma importante temática em saúde pública devido a sua alta prevalência e às inúmeras implicações materno fetais. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à gestação na adolescência no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Método: Estudo analítico de corte transversal realizado com 58 gestantes primigestas: 29 adolescentes (10 a 19 anos) e 29 adultas (20 a 35 anos), que realizaram atendimento pré-natal nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) em Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante aplicação de questionário, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Os dados foram processados e analisados pelo software SPSS 16.0. Ao comparar as variáveis de acordo com grupo de gestante (adolescente ou adulta), aplicou-se o teste QuiQuadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fisher para associação entre variáveis qualitativas e o teste de Mann Whitney para as variáveis quantitativas. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística para identificação dos fatores associados com o grupo. Resultados: A análise descritiva das adolescentes mostrou que a idade média foi de 17,2 anos, a maioria residia na área urbana de Cruzeiro do Sul, referiu ser de cor parda, ter religião, morar com o companheiro, não frequentar a escola, não ter atividade remunerada, com renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo. O uso de cigarro e bebida alcoólica pela família foi predominante nessa população. As mães das adolescentes não tinham completado o ensino fundamental e mais da metade delas engravidaram na adolescência. A média da idade na menarca foi de 13 anos, o primeiro namoro aos 15 anos e a primeira relação sexual aos 16 anos. A maioria referiu conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos, no entanto, somente (38%) fazia uso quando engravidou. A maioria teve acesso aos meios de prevenção e a escola foi a principal fonte de informação sobre relação sexual, gravidez e métodos contraceptivos. O não desejo de engravidar prevaleceu entre as adolescentes. Quanto à realização de consulta ginecológica antes da gravidez houve uma baixa procura (15,2%) pelo atendimento. História de aborto anterior foi referida por (7,6%) das adolescentes. O atendimento pré-natal foi considerado não adequado, uma vez que o número de consultas foi inferior ao recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Verificou-se associação da gestação na adolescência com as seguintes variáveis: idade na 1ª relação sexual igual ou menor que 16 anos, não acesso aos métodos contraceptivos e não desejo de engravidar. Conclusão: A gravidez na adolescência tende a surgir na presença de vários fatores que expressam a vulnerabilidade do adolescente no contexto em que está inserido. Essas informações podem ser úteis para intervenções dirigidas a essa população com a perspectiva de reduzir a ocorrência de situações indesejáveis como a gravidez precoce, além de melhorar a qualidade no atendimento destas jovens.
The adolescence pregnancy is considered an important issue in public health due to its high prevalence and the many implications maternal-fetal. Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with adolescence pregnancy of Cruzeiro do Sul city (Acre-Brasil). Method: Cross-sectional analytical study performed with 58 primigravidas: 29 adolescents (10 to 19 years) and 29 adults (20 to 35 years), who underwent prenatal care at Family Health Units (USF) in Cruzeiro Sul city (Acre-Brasil). The data collection was performed by application of questionnaire, in the period from August to December 2013. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. To compare the variables according to group of pregnant women (adolescent or adult), we applied the Pearsons Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test for association between qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables. A logistic regression model was used for the identification of factors associated with the group. Results: The descriptive analysis of adolescents showed that the mean age was 17.2 years, the majority lived in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul, said be of brown color, religion, living with the companion, do not go to school, do not have remunerated activity, with family income less than the minimum wage. The use of cigarettes and alcohol by family was predominant in this population. The mothers of adolescents had not completed elementary school and more than half of them got pregnant in adolescence. The mean age at menarche was 13 years old, the first dating for 15 years and the first sexual intercourse at 16 years of age. The majority reported knowledge about contraceptive methods, however, only (38 per cent) did use when pregnant. The majority had access to the means of prevention and the school was the main source of information about sex, pregnancy and contraception methods. The do not wish to get pregnant prevailed among the adolescents. With regard to the implementation of gynecological examination before the pregnancy there was a low demand (15.2 per cent) for the service. History of previous miscarriage was reported by (7.6 per cent) of the adolescents. The pre-natal care was deemed not adequate, since the number of consultations was lower than that recommended by the Ministry of Health. It was found that association of pregnancy in adolescence with the following variables: age at first sexual relationship equal to or less than 16 years, not access to contraceptive methods and do not wish to get pregnant. Conclusion: The pregnancy in adolescence tends to arise in the presence of several factors that express the vulnerability of adolescent in the context in which it is inserted. These formations can be useful for interventions aimed at this population with the prospect of reducing the occurrence of undesirable situations such as early pregnancy, in addition to improving the quality of care of these young people.
The adolescence pregnancy is considered an important issue in public health due to its high prevalence and the many implications maternal-fetal. Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with adolescence pregnancy of Cruzeiro do Sul city (Acre-Brasil). Method: Cross-sectional analytical study performed with 58 primigravidas: 29 adolescents (10 to 19 years) and 29 adults (20 to 35 years), who underwent prenatal care at Family Health Units (USF) in Cruzeiro Sul city (Acre-Brasil). The data collection was performed by application of questionnaire, in the period from August to December 2013. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. To compare the variables according to group of pregnant women (adolescent or adult), we applied the Pearsons Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test for association between qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables. A logistic regression model was used for the identification of factors associated with the group. Results: The descriptive analysis of adolescents showed that the mean age was 17.2 years, the majority lived in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul, said be of brown color, religion, living with the companion, do not go to school, do not have remunerated activity, with family income less than the minimum wage. The use of cigarettes and alcohol by family was predominant in this population. The mothers of adolescents had not completed elementary school and more than half of them got pregnant in adolescence. The mean age at menarche was 13 years old, the first dating for 15 years and the first sexual intercourse at 16 years of age. The majority reported knowledge about contraceptive methods, however, only (38 per cent) did use when pregnant. The majority had access to the means of prevention and the school was the main source of information about sex, pregnancy and contraception methods. The do not wish to get pregnant prevailed among the adolescents. With regard to the implementation of gynecological examination before the pregnancy there was a low demand (15.2 per cent) for the service. History of previous miscarriage was reported by (7.6 per cent) of the adolescents. The pre-natal care was deemed not adequate, since the number of consultations was lower than that recommended by the Ministry of Health. It was found that association of pregnancy in adolescence with the following variables: age at first sexual relationship equal to or less than 16 years, not access to contraceptive methods and do not wish to get pregnant. Conclusion: The pregnancy in adolescence tends to arise in the presence of several factors that express the vulnerability of adolescent in the context in which it is inserted. These formations can be useful for interventions aimed at this population with the prospect of reducing the occurrence of undesirable situations such as early pregnancy, in addition to improving the quality of care of these young people.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Maria Susana Barboza da. Gravidez na adolescência: desafio da saúde pública em cruzeiro do sul-acre. 2014. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2014.