Poluição sonora como fator de agravo da saúde e da aprendizagem em estudantes de graduação
Data
2024-07-30
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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O Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis-IBAMA, conceitua poluição sonora, como o conjunto de todos os ruídos provenientes de uma ou mais fontes sonoras, manifestadas ao mesmo tempo num ambiente qualquer. A partir de 50 dB, pode iniciar no organismo diversas reações físicas e psicológicas. Os efeitos negativos devido ao excesso e intensidade de ruídos, atuam de forma lenta e somente com o tempo manifestam-se no organismo alterações auditivas e não-auditivas tais como: problemas auditivos; dificuldade de relaxamento; redução do poder de concentração e da produtividade; insônia; aumento do risco de infarto; entre outros efeitos orgânicos e psicológicos. O ruído ambiental é uma ameaça à qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e ao meio ambiente. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 2011), revela que um em cada três indivíduos é incomodado ao longo do dia pela poluição sonora e, um em cada cinco tem o sono perturbado durante a noite por conta de ruídos provenientes do tráfego urbano; caracterizando assim a poluição sonora como um problema de saúde pública e, portanto, devendo ser tratado. Com a pandemia COVID-19 provocada pelo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), houve necessidade de medidas sanitárias para distanciamento social em 2020/21, passando a educação formal (em todas as modalidades) para o modo virtual EAD/Educação à Distância no confinamento do contexto doméstico, requisitando dos educandos especialmente os canais visuais e auditivos na efetivação do processo da aprendizagem. Diante dos fatos abordados, objetivamos elencar fundamentação teórica (jurídica, técnica e acadêmica) no que tange a questão da poluição sonora principalmente referente ao ruído, caracterizado como ruído de lazer, social e comunitário, visando estabelecer um paralelo entre a realidade acústica do município de Diadema com a situação pandêmica gerada pela infecção do vírus SARS-CoV-2. A pesquisa “Poluição Sonora como Fator de Agravo da Saúde e da Aprendizagem em Estudantes de Graduação”, utilizou-se do questionário “Atitudes da Juventude frente ao Ruído - YANS” (Zocoli et al, 2009). Métodos: Ao aplicar o questionário (YANS) aos graduandos UNIFESP-Diadema, a pesquisa possui abordagem metodológica com características quantitativa e, qualitativa, descritiva e bibliográfica ao estabelecer paralelo entre causa e efeito no que tange a influência da poluição sonora no rendimento acadêmico e nos processos de saúde/adoecimento. Material: Questionário (YANS) com 19 questões afirmativas e respostas registradas por meio da escala Likert com cinco graus. Público: Graduandos com idade mínima de 18 anos. Metodologia de Análise de Dados: Aplicação do teste não-paramétrico Qui-Quadrado aos dados obtidos através do questionário YANS. Desfecho: Ao considerar o conforto acústico ambiental de importância fundamental para a sadia qualidade de vida e um melhor aproveitamento no processo da aprendizagem, almeja-se a possibilidade de promover na sociedade a reflexão sobre os impactos da poluição sonora no meio ambiente e no organismo, visando elaboração de políticas públicas mais diretivas e assertivas ao combate da poluição sonora, em prol ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e à sadia qualidade de vida.
The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources - IBAMA, defines noise pollution as the set of all noises originating from one or more sound sources, manifested at the same time in any environment. From 50dB onwards, various physical and psychological reactions can begin in the body. The negative effects due to excess and intensity of noise act slowly and only over time do auditory and non-auditory changes manifest themselves in the body, such as: hearing problems; difficulty relaxing; reduced concentration power and productivity; insomnia; increased risk of heart attack; among other organic and psychological effects. Environmental noise is a threat to the quality of life of individuals and the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) reveals that one in three individuals is disturbed throughout the day by noise pollution and one in five has disturbed sleep at night due to noise from urban traffic; thus characterizing noise pollution as a public health problem and, therefore, must be treated. With the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there was a need for sanitary measures for social distancing in 2020/21, moving formal education (in all modalities) to the virtual EAD/Distance Education mode in confinement of the domestic context, requiring students especially the visual and auditory channels in carrying out the learning process. In view of the facts discussed, we aim to list theoretical foundations (legal, technical and academic) regarding the issue of noise pollution, mainly referring to noise, characterized as leisure, social and community noise, aiming to establish a parallel between the acoustic reality of the municipality of Diadema with the pandemic situation generated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The research “Noise Pollution as a Factor in Health and Learning Problems in Undergraduate Students” will apply the questionnaire “Youth Attitudes towards Noise - YANS” (Zocoli et al, 2009). Methods: By applying the questionnaire (YANS) to UNIFESP-Diadema undergraduates, the research has a methodological approach with quantitative and qualitative, descriptive and bibliographical characteristics by establishing parallels between cause and effect regarding the influence of noise pollution on academic performance and health/illness processes. Material: Questionnaire (YANS) with 19 affirmative questions and responses recorded using the Likert scale with five degrees. Audience: Undergraduates at least 18 years old. Data Analysis Methodology: Application of the non-parametric Chi-Square test to data obtained through the YANS questionnaire. Conclusion: When considering environmental acoustic comfort of fundamental importance for a healthy quality of life and better use in the learning process, the aim is to promote the possibility of promoting reflection in society on the impacts of noise pollution on the environment and the body, aiming to develop more directive and assertive public policies to combat noise pollution, in favor of an ecologically balanced environment and a healthy quality of life.
The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources - IBAMA, defines noise pollution as the set of all noises originating from one or more sound sources, manifested at the same time in any environment. From 50dB onwards, various physical and psychological reactions can begin in the body. The negative effects due to excess and intensity of noise act slowly and only over time do auditory and non-auditory changes manifest themselves in the body, such as: hearing problems; difficulty relaxing; reduced concentration power and productivity; insomnia; increased risk of heart attack; among other organic and psychological effects. Environmental noise is a threat to the quality of life of individuals and the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) reveals that one in three individuals is disturbed throughout the day by noise pollution and one in five has disturbed sleep at night due to noise from urban traffic; thus characterizing noise pollution as a public health problem and, therefore, must be treated. With the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there was a need for sanitary measures for social distancing in 2020/21, moving formal education (in all modalities) to the virtual EAD/Distance Education mode in confinement of the domestic context, requiring students especially the visual and auditory channels in carrying out the learning process. In view of the facts discussed, we aim to list theoretical foundations (legal, technical and academic) regarding the issue of noise pollution, mainly referring to noise, characterized as leisure, social and community noise, aiming to establish a parallel between the acoustic reality of the municipality of Diadema with the pandemic situation generated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The research “Noise Pollution as a Factor in Health and Learning Problems in Undergraduate Students” will apply the questionnaire “Youth Attitudes towards Noise - YANS” (Zocoli et al, 2009). Methods: By applying the questionnaire (YANS) to UNIFESP-Diadema undergraduates, the research has a methodological approach with quantitative and qualitative, descriptive and bibliographical characteristics by establishing parallels between cause and effect regarding the influence of noise pollution on academic performance and health/illness processes. Material: Questionnaire (YANS) with 19 affirmative questions and responses recorded using the Likert scale with five degrees. Audience: Undergraduates at least 18 years old. Data Analysis Methodology: Application of the non-parametric Chi-Square test to data obtained through the YANS questionnaire. Conclusion: When considering environmental acoustic comfort of fundamental importance for a healthy quality of life and better use in the learning process, the aim is to promote the possibility of promoting reflection in society on the impacts of noise pollution on the environment and the body, aiming to develop more directive and assertive public policies to combat noise pollution, in favor of an ecologically balanced environment and a healthy quality of life.
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Citação
ROQUE, Helena Maria. Poluição sonora como fator de agravo da saúde e da aprendizagem em estudantes de graduação.2024. 252 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2024.