Aprimoramento do sistema de destilação extrativa do azeótropo etanol/água utilizando o glicerol, com o auxílio do software DWSIM®
Data
2023-11-24
Autores
Scarabichi, Guilherme Dias 
Martins, Lucas Modesto
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A situação do Brasil após a pandemia do Covid-19 fez com que aumentasse a necessidade de readequação das indústrias, para diminuir os impactos da crise e aproveitar melhor os recursos e a energia. Em paralelo a isso, há um subproduto do processo de produção do biodiesel que é pouco aproveitado: o glicerol. Por último, também é necessário destacar a importância do etanol anidro, que é um componente extremamente importante para diversos tipos de indústria. O objetivo deste estudo é atender a necessidade dos três pontos mencionados acima e aprimorar a eficiência de uma planta de produção de etanol anidro, fazendo uso do glicerol como solvente e da integração energética para otimização do processo. O solvente geralmente utilizado é o etilenoglicol, mas optou-se pelo glicerol por conta de sua menor toxicidade e menor custo. Analisou-se um processo já conhecido, da destilação extrativa da mistura etanol-água, apenas alterando o solvente escolhido para o glicerol. A simulação foi realizada com os softwares livres DWSIM® e ChemSep®. A estratégia testada para otimizar o processo foi o uso das próprias correntes do processo como fontes de energia para pré-aquecer a corrente de alimentação, diminuindo o custo com energia na planta. Após as simulações, obteve-se uma redução de 23,19% em relação ao processo inicial (apenas introduzindo a integração energética); e uma redução de 5,82% em relação ao processo inicial considerando a integração energética com uma otimização de parâmetros. No entanto, o processo com maior redução de energia acaba formando uma vazão de etanol anidro 14,88% menor do que o processo inicial, enquanto o outro forma uma vazão 1,95% maior. Desse modo, cabe analisar qual o processo seria mais rentável. Com essas implementações, possíveis melhorias neste processo poderiam ser utilizadas em mais campos da indústria, trazendo um retorno positivo para a sociedade.
The situation in Brazil after the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need to readapt industries, to reduce the impacts of the crisis and make better use of resources and energy. In parallel to this, there is a subproduct of biodiesel production process that is less used as it could be: glycerol. Finally, it is also necessary to highlight the importance of anhydrous ethanol, which is an extremely important component for different types of industry. The objective of this study is to assemble the needs of the three points mentioned above and improve the efficiency of an anhydrous ethanol production plant, using glycerol as a solvent and energy integration to optimize the process. The solvent generally used is ethylene glycol, but glycerol was chosen due to its lower toxicity and lower cost. An already known process was analyzed, the extractive distillation of the ethanol-water mixture, simply changing the solvent chosen for glycerol. The simulation was carried out with the free software DWSIM® and ChemSep®. The strategy tested to optimize the process was to use the process currents as energy sources to preheat the supply current, reducing energy costs in the plant. After the simulations, a reduction of 23.19% was obtained in relation to the initial process (just by introducing energy integration); and a reduction of 5.82% compared to the initial process considering energy integration with parameter optimization. However, the process with the greatest energy reduction ends up producing a flow of anhydrous ethanol 14.88% lower than the initial process, while the other forms a flow rate 1.95% higher. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze which process would be more profitable. With these implementations, possible improvements in this process could be used in more fields of the industry, bringing a positive return to society.
The situation in Brazil after the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need to readapt industries, to reduce the impacts of the crisis and make better use of resources and energy. In parallel to this, there is a subproduct of biodiesel production process that is less used as it could be: glycerol. Finally, it is also necessary to highlight the importance of anhydrous ethanol, which is an extremely important component for different types of industry. The objective of this study is to assemble the needs of the three points mentioned above and improve the efficiency of an anhydrous ethanol production plant, using glycerol as a solvent and energy integration to optimize the process. The solvent generally used is ethylene glycol, but glycerol was chosen due to its lower toxicity and lower cost. An already known process was analyzed, the extractive distillation of the ethanol-water mixture, simply changing the solvent chosen for glycerol. The simulation was carried out with the free software DWSIM® and ChemSep®. The strategy tested to optimize the process was to use the process currents as energy sources to preheat the supply current, reducing energy costs in the plant. After the simulations, a reduction of 23.19% was obtained in relation to the initial process (just by introducing energy integration); and a reduction of 5.82% compared to the initial process considering energy integration with parameter optimization. However, the process with the greatest energy reduction ends up producing a flow of anhydrous ethanol 14.88% lower than the initial process, while the other forms a flow rate 1.95% higher. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze which process would be more profitable. With these implementations, possible improvements in this process could be used in more fields of the industry, bringing a positive return to society.