Término de carreira e o impacto sobre a percepção do corpo e o comer de ex-atletas do futebol
Data
2023-07-05
Autores
Jesus, Jean Nascimento de 
Orientadores
Juzwiak, Claudia Ridel
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: Durante suas carreiras profissionais, atletas de futebol dependem de ótima condição física e corporal para a boa performance. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da aposentadoria do esporte na percepção de corpo e na alimentação de ex-atletas de futebol. Participantes e métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza quali-quantitativa, transversal. Participaram 09 ex-atletas profissionais do futebol brasileiro, homens, maiores de 18 anos, cuja aposentadoria do esporte profissional ocorreu há pelo menos 2 e não mais que 15 anos. Para a identificação e recrutamento dos participantes foi adotada a técnica bola de neve e como instrumento de coleta de dados foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas norteadoras e de sondagem, realizadas virtualmente. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e depois transcritas na íntegra para a realização da análise de conteúdo. Os participantes foram indagados sobre sua percepção de imagem corporal atual e desejada, a partir do uso de escala de silhuetas e responderam ao questionário Critério Brasil 2020. Resultados: A análise de conteúdo gerou três núcleos temáticos. No núcleo “Trajetória no esporte: do ingresso à aposentadoria” identificou-se que a maioria dos participantes iniciou a trajetória no futebol na infância/adolescência. Todos os participantes passaram por vários times de nível local, nacional e internacional, variando de 2 a 17 times ao longo da carreira e nos clubes de elite sofriam maior pressão para a manutenção da massa e gordura corporal. Quanto à aposentadoria, cinco participantes encerraram a carreira aos 35 anos de idade, um aposentou-se com 37 anos e outros três encerraram a carreira mais precocemente (antes dos 30 anos). No núcleo “Aposentadoria: impactos e desdobramentos” identificou-se que para a maioria (6/9), a aposentadoria se deu pela falta de boas propostas para jogar e para 3/9 pelo aparecimento de lesões. Os sentimentos quanto à esta etapa foram heterogêneos e todos se mostraram satisfeitos com o que o futebol os ofereceu, mas apenas 3/9 se mantiveram no futebol, atuando na área técnica. No núcleo “Corpo e Comer” metade dos participantes relatou mudanças na alimentação, evidenciando que a dieta seguida durante a vida no esporte era rica em alimentos fonte de carboidratos. Importa evidenciar que nenhum dos ex-atletas relatou ter passado por restrição alimentar durante a carreira e apenas 4/9 utilizou suplemento, entretanto, não especificou o tipo ou motivo. Ademais, todos afirmaram que não praticam atividade física com a mesma regularidade que mantinham quando atletas profissionais. A maioria (7/9) aumentou a massa corporal em relação à quando eram atletas, desses, 4/9 apresentam IMC classificado como sobrepeso. Apenas 3/9 se sentem satisfeitos com seu corpo atual, o que foi corroborado na autoavaliação com as silhuetas. Ainda, de acordo com os participantes, durante a carreira praticar atividade física regularmente, inserir alimentos ricos em carboidratos e ter um bom condicionamento físico eram fatores importantes para a vida como atletas de auto desempenho. Sobre a percepção corporal dos participantes, metade se identificou com silhuetas cujo IMC correspondente se afasta de seus IMCs reais indicando distorção na sua percepção. A maioria justifica a atual massa corporal pela falta de acompanhamento profissional para os cuidados relativos à alimentação e abandono da prática de atividade física regular, realidade diferente da época em que eram atletas. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a escolha pela aposentadoria foi determinada por consequências que se sobrepuseram ao desejo de permanecer no futebol, resultando em sentimentos de frustação e no anseio para reorganizar a vida profissional fora dos campos. A rotina de treinos e o acompanhamento nutricional não foram mantidos o que resultou no ganho substancial de massa corporal de alguns participantes. A maioria não se sente satisfeita com o corpo atual, apresentando distorção da percepção da própria silhueta.
Introduction: During their professional careers, soccer players depend on excellent physical and body condition for good performance. Objective: To evaluate the impact of retirement from sport on body perception and nutrition of former soccer players. Participants and methods: This is a cross-sectional quali-quantitative research. Participants were 09 former professional athletes of Brazilian soccer, men, over 18 years old, whose retirement from professional sports occurred at least 2 and no more than 15 years ago. For the identification and recruitment of participants, the snowball technique was adopted and as a data collection instrument, a semi-structured interview was carried out with guiding and probing questions, carried out virtually. The interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed in full for content analysis. Participants were asked about their current and desired body image perception, using a silhouette scale, and answered the Critério Brasil 2020 questionnaire. Results: Content analysis generated three thematic nuclei. “Trajectory in sport: from joining to retirement” it was identified that most participants started their trajectory in soccer in childhood/adolescence. All participants went through several teams at the local, national and international level, ranging from 2 to 17 teams throughout their career and in elite clubs they suffered greater pressure to maintain mass and body fat. As for retirement, five participants ended their careers at 35 years of age, one retired at 37 years of age, and three others ended their careers earlier (before age 30). In the nucleus “Retirement: impacts and developments” it was identified that for the majority (6/9), retirement was due to the lack of good proposals to play and for 3/9 due to the appearance of injuries. Feelings regarding this stage were heterogeneous and everyone was satisfied with what football offered them, but only 3/9 remained in football, working in the technical area. In the “Body and Eat” core, half of the participants reported changes in their diet, showing that the diet followed during their life in sport was rich in carbohydrate-rich foods. It is important to highlight that none of the former athletes reported having gone through dietary restrictions during their careers and only 4/9 used supplements, however, they did not specify the type or reason. In addition, all of them stated that they do not practice physical activity with the same regularity as they did as professional athletes. Most (7/9) increased body mass compared to when they were athletes, of these, 4/9 have a BMI classified as overweight. Only 3/9 feel satisfied with their current body, which was corroborated in the self-assessment with the silhouettes. Still, according to the participants, during their careers, practicing regular physical activity, inserting foods rich in carbohydrates and having good physical conditioning were important factors for life as self-performance athletes. Regarding the participants' body perception, half identified themselves with silhouettes whose corresponding BMI deviates from their real BMIs, indicating distortion in their perception. Most justify their current body mass by the lack of professional follow-up for care related to food and abandonment of regular physical activity, a different reality from the time when they were athletes. Conclusion: It was evident that the choice for retirement was determined by consequences that overlapped the desire to remain in soccer, resulting in feelings of frustration and the desire to reorganize their professional life outside the fields. The training routine and nutritional monitoring were not maintained, which resulted in substantial body mass gain for some participants. Most are not satisfied with their current body, presenting distortion of the perception of their own silhouette.
Introduction: During their professional careers, soccer players depend on excellent physical and body condition for good performance. Objective: To evaluate the impact of retirement from sport on body perception and nutrition of former soccer players. Participants and methods: This is a cross-sectional quali-quantitative research. Participants were 09 former professional athletes of Brazilian soccer, men, over 18 years old, whose retirement from professional sports occurred at least 2 and no more than 15 years ago. For the identification and recruitment of participants, the snowball technique was adopted and as a data collection instrument, a semi-structured interview was carried out with guiding and probing questions, carried out virtually. The interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed in full for content analysis. Participants were asked about their current and desired body image perception, using a silhouette scale, and answered the Critério Brasil 2020 questionnaire. Results: Content analysis generated three thematic nuclei. “Trajectory in sport: from joining to retirement” it was identified that most participants started their trajectory in soccer in childhood/adolescence. All participants went through several teams at the local, national and international level, ranging from 2 to 17 teams throughout their career and in elite clubs they suffered greater pressure to maintain mass and body fat. As for retirement, five participants ended their careers at 35 years of age, one retired at 37 years of age, and three others ended their careers earlier (before age 30). In the nucleus “Retirement: impacts and developments” it was identified that for the majority (6/9), retirement was due to the lack of good proposals to play and for 3/9 due to the appearance of injuries. Feelings regarding this stage were heterogeneous and everyone was satisfied with what football offered them, but only 3/9 remained in football, working in the technical area. In the “Body and Eat” core, half of the participants reported changes in their diet, showing that the diet followed during their life in sport was rich in carbohydrate-rich foods. It is important to highlight that none of the former athletes reported having gone through dietary restrictions during their careers and only 4/9 used supplements, however, they did not specify the type or reason. In addition, all of them stated that they do not practice physical activity with the same regularity as they did as professional athletes. Most (7/9) increased body mass compared to when they were athletes, of these, 4/9 have a BMI classified as overweight. Only 3/9 feel satisfied with their current body, which was corroborated in the self-assessment with the silhouettes. Still, according to the participants, during their careers, practicing regular physical activity, inserting foods rich in carbohydrates and having good physical conditioning were important factors for life as self-performance athletes. Regarding the participants' body perception, half identified themselves with silhouettes whose corresponding BMI deviates from their real BMIs, indicating distortion in their perception. Most justify their current body mass by the lack of professional follow-up for care related to food and abandonment of regular physical activity, a different reality from the time when they were athletes. Conclusion: It was evident that the choice for retirement was determined by consequences that overlapped the desire to remain in soccer, resulting in feelings of frustration and the desire to reorganize their professional life outside the fields. The training routine and nutritional monitoring were not maintained, which resulted in substantial body mass gain for some participants. Most are not satisfied with their current body, presenting distortion of the perception of their own silhouette.
Descrição
Citação
JESUS, Jean Nascimento de. Término de carreira e o impacto sobre a percepção do corpo e o comer de ex-atletas do futebol. 2023. 50 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Nutrição) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.