Práticas corporais e atividades físicas no contexto da Atenção Básica de Saúde do SUS: estratégias de prevenção e controle das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis
Data
2024-06-19
Autores
Santos, Tony Anderson 
Orientadores
Novais, Maykon Anderson Pires de
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Objetivo: Descrever o panorama atual da oferta de práticas corporais e atividades físicas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e avaliar o impacto da utilização dessas iniciativas, realizadas especificamente por profissionais de Educação Física, como estratégia para lidar com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, ecológico-observacional e descritivo que utilizou dados secundários, como Monitoramento do Programa Academia da Saúde 2015 a 2019, Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica de Saúde (Sisab) de 2013 a 2023, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 e 2019, Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Riscos e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2008 a 2023, exceto 2022. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas eletrônicas para registro e sistematização por unidade da Federação e analisados por regiões geográficas para obtenção de frequência relativa das variáveis. Resultados: As regiões Nordeste e Sudeste apresentaram o maior número de municípios habilitados para o Programa Academia da Saúde: 3.733 e 3.129 de 2015 a 2017, respectivamente. As obras concluídas diminuíram, e os gastos com reparos e compras de materiais se mantiveram iguais. Idosos e adultos compõem a maioria dos participantes, e as atividades mais praticadas são as práticas corporais, educação em saúde, em turnos matutinos e vespertinos. Quanto ao número de indivíduos suficientemente ativos no país, verificou-se aumento, com redução da quantidade de insuficientemente ativos. O estudo mostrou que quanto maior o nível de instrução, maior a prática de atividade física no domínio lazer e quanto maior a idade, menor a prática de atividades físicas. Já em relação às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, as pesquisas analisadas demonstraram aumento ao longo dos anos. Conclusões: Tal cenário sinaliza avanços positivos quanto à oferta de práticas corporais e atividades físicas e à quantidade de indivíduos suficientemente ativos, embora tenha aumentado a incidência de doenças crônicas. Portanto, o caminho à frente na saúde pública, especialmente no combate a esses males, é longo e desafiador.
Objective: To describe the current panorama of the provision of body practices and physical activities offered by the Sistema Único de Saúde – the Brazilian general health service - and evaluate the impact of these health promotion initiatives, implemented specifically by physical education professionals, as a strategy to deal with chronic non communicable diseases Methods: Quantitative, ecological-observational and descriptive study that used secondary data, such as Monitoring of the Academia da Saúde Program from 2015 to 2019, Health Information System for Primary Health Care (Sisab) from 2013 to 2023, National Health Survey (PNS) from 2013 and 2019, Risk and Protection Factor Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) from 2008 to 2023, except 2022. Data were organized in electronic spreadsheets for recording and systematization by Federation unit and analyzed by geographic regions to obtain the relative frequency of the variables. Results: Of the municipalities qualified for the Academia da Saúde Program, the northeast and southeast regions presented the highest numbers, 3,733 and 3,129 from 2015 to 2017, respectively. Started and completed works were reduced, whist expenses with repairs and purchases of materials remained the same. Elderly people and adults make up the majority of participants and the most common activities are physical activities, health education and healthy eating in the morning and afternoon shifts. Regarding the number of sufficiently active individuals, there was an increase and decrease in those who were insufficiently active. The study showed that the higher the level of education, the greater the practice of physical activity in the leisure domain and the older the age, the less practice of physical activity. In relation to Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, both studies demonstrated an increase over the years. Conclusions: This scenario signals positive advances in the provision of body practices and physical activities and an increase in sufficiently active individuals, although there has been na increase in chronic diseases, the road ahead in public health, especially in the fight against chronic non-communicable diseases, is long and challenging.
Objective: To describe the current panorama of the provision of body practices and physical activities offered by the Sistema Único de Saúde – the Brazilian general health service - and evaluate the impact of these health promotion initiatives, implemented specifically by physical education professionals, as a strategy to deal with chronic non communicable diseases Methods: Quantitative, ecological-observational and descriptive study that used secondary data, such as Monitoring of the Academia da Saúde Program from 2015 to 2019, Health Information System for Primary Health Care (Sisab) from 2013 to 2023, National Health Survey (PNS) from 2013 and 2019, Risk and Protection Factor Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) from 2008 to 2023, except 2022. Data were organized in electronic spreadsheets for recording and systematization by Federation unit and analyzed by geographic regions to obtain the relative frequency of the variables. Results: Of the municipalities qualified for the Academia da Saúde Program, the northeast and southeast regions presented the highest numbers, 3,733 and 3,129 from 2015 to 2017, respectively. Started and completed works were reduced, whist expenses with repairs and purchases of materials remained the same. Elderly people and adults make up the majority of participants and the most common activities are physical activities, health education and healthy eating in the morning and afternoon shifts. Regarding the number of sufficiently active individuals, there was an increase and decrease in those who were insufficiently active. The study showed that the higher the level of education, the greater the practice of physical activity in the leisure domain and the older the age, the less practice of physical activity. In relation to Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, both studies demonstrated an increase over the years. Conclusions: This scenario signals positive advances in the provision of body practices and physical activities and an increase in sufficiently active individuals, although there has been na increase in chronic diseases, the road ahead in public health, especially in the fight against chronic non-communicable diseases, is long and challenging.
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Citação
SANTOS, Tony Anderson. Práticas corporais e atividades físicas no contexto da Atenção Básica de Saúde do SUS: estratégias de prevenção e controle das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. 2024. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Translacional) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, 2024.