Estudo computacional e termodinâmico do processo de extração supercrítica de compostos essenciais do óleo-resina de copaíba
Data
2020-10-16
Autores
Lima, Filipe Sousa 
Moura, Eduardo Osti Marinho de
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Atualmente estuda-se diferentes operações unitárias como alternativas aos processos vigentes,
visando uma melhor performance e mitigação de danos ao meio ambiente, dentre esses processos
destaca-se a extração com fluido supercrítico devido as suas diversas aplicações como nos mercados de
cosméticos e saúde, por exemplo. A extração supercrítica consiste na utilização de fluidos em condições
acima das críticas, favorecendo a extração de substâncias de interesse, pois adotam propriedades
intermediárias entre um líquido e um gás, promovendo a transferência de massa, aumentando assim, a
eficiência de extração. Um dos solventes mais utilizados nesse tipo de processo é o CO2, que apresenta
valores críticos de 31°C e 74 bar, outros fatores que se destacam são seu baixo custo, segurança e
sustentabilidade do processo, já que não é inflamável e degrada menos o ambiente, tornando-o um
solvente verde. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como finalidade a utilização de fluidos supercríticos
(CO2) no estudo termodinâmico e de extração do óleo-resina de copaíba. Para o estudo das interações
desses compostos com o solvente, realizou-se análises termodinâmicas, no software Aspen plus,
utilizando-se do modelo PSRK. Foram gerados gráficos ternários com diferentes configurações (ex:
solvente, fração leve do óleo, fração pesada do óleo) a fim de verificar qual a interação entre os
compostos selecionados. Através do estudo, observou-se a importância da interação das substâncias em
um processo de extração. Observou-se que o CO2 consegue ter uma boa interação (solubilidade) com a
fração mais leve do óleo-resina de copaíba em relação a fração mais pesada, o que evidencia a escolha
adequada do solvente, assim como, as condições estudadas.
Currently, different unit operations are being studied as alternatives to current processes, aiming at a better performance and mitigation of damage to the environment. Among these processes, extraction with supercritical fluid stands out due to its diverse applications, such as in the cosmetics and health markets, for example. Supercritical extraction consists in the use of fluids in conditions above critical, thus favoring the extraction of substances of interest, as they adopt intermediate properties between a liquid and a gas, promoting mass transfer, thus increasing the extraction efficiency. One of the most used solvents in this type of process is CO2, which presents critical values of 31 ° C and 74 bar, other factors that stand out are its low cost, safety and sustainability of the process, since it is not flammable and degrades less than environment, making it a green solvent. Therefore, this work aimed to use supercritical fluids (CO2) in the thermodynamic study and in the extraction of copaiba oil-resin. To study the interactions of these compounds with the solvent, thermodynamic analysis were performed using the Aspen plus software, using the PSRK model. Ternary graphs were generated with different configurations (eg: solvent, light oil fraction, heavy oil fraction) in order to verify the interaction between the selected compounds. Through the study, it was observed the importance of the substances’ interactions in an extraction process. It was observed that CO2 manages to have a good interaction (solubility) with the lighter fraction of copaiba oil in relation to the heavier fraction, which shows the adequate choice of solvent, as well as the conditions studied.
Currently, different unit operations are being studied as alternatives to current processes, aiming at a better performance and mitigation of damage to the environment. Among these processes, extraction with supercritical fluid stands out due to its diverse applications, such as in the cosmetics and health markets, for example. Supercritical extraction consists in the use of fluids in conditions above critical, thus favoring the extraction of substances of interest, as they adopt intermediate properties between a liquid and a gas, promoting mass transfer, thus increasing the extraction efficiency. One of the most used solvents in this type of process is CO2, which presents critical values of 31 ° C and 74 bar, other factors that stand out are its low cost, safety and sustainability of the process, since it is not flammable and degrades less than environment, making it a green solvent. Therefore, this work aimed to use supercritical fluids (CO2) in the thermodynamic study and in the extraction of copaiba oil-resin. To study the interactions of these compounds with the solvent, thermodynamic analysis were performed using the Aspen plus software, using the PSRK model. Ternary graphs were generated with different configurations (eg: solvent, light oil fraction, heavy oil fraction) in order to verify the interaction between the selected compounds. Through the study, it was observed the importance of the substances’ interactions in an extraction process. It was observed that CO2 manages to have a good interaction (solubility) with the lighter fraction of copaiba oil in relation to the heavier fraction, which shows the adequate choice of solvent, as well as the conditions studied.